nginx 3.nginx+fastcgi

死磕nginx 3.nginx+fastcgi

互联网服务器有个非常典型的架构lamp(linux+apache+mysql+php)，由于其开源和强大的兼容性而风靡一时，不过随着nginx的横空出世，lamp逐渐被lnmp替代，即Linux+nginx+mysql+php

fastcgi:fastcgi是语言无关的，可伸缩架构的CGI开放扩展，其主要的行为将CGI解释器进程保持在内存中并因此获得较高的性能，众所周知，CGI的反复加载时CGI性能低下的主要原因，如果CGI解释器保持在内存中并接受FastCGI进程金鼎管理调度，则可提供良好的性能、伸缩性、Fail-Over特性等。

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1、FastCGI的工作原理

1. FastCGI进程管理器自身初始化，启动多个CGI解释器进程（多个php-cgi进程）并等待来自webserver的请求，在本文中，采用PHP-FPM进程管理器启动多个php-cgi FastCGI进程，启动php-cgi FastCGI进程时，可以配置TCP和UNIX套接字两种方式启动
2. 当客户端请求到达web服务器（nginx）时，web服务器将采用TCP协议或者UNIX套接字方式转到FastCGI主进程，FastCGI主进程选择并连接到一个CGI解释器（子进程），web服务器将CGI环境变量和标准输入发送到FastCGI子进程php-cgi
3. FastCGI子进程完成处理后将标准输出和错误信息从同一连接返回到web服务器（nginx），当FastCGI子进程关闭连接时，请求便告知处理完成，。FastCGI子进程接着等待来自FastCGI管理器的下一个连接，而在一般普通的CGI模式中，php-cgi在此时便退出了。

所以你可以想象普通的CGI模式有多慢，每一个web请求PHP都必须重新解析php.ini、重新载入全部扩展并重新初始化全部数据结构。使用FastCGI，所有的这些都只在进程启动时发生一次，一个额外的好处是，持续数据库连接可以工作。

php FastCGI的优点

• PHP脚本运行速度更快，PHP解释程序被载入内存而不用每次都需要从存储器中读取，此举极大提升了依靠脚本运行站点的性能。
• 需要使用的系统资源更少，由于服务器不用每次都需要载入PHP解释程序，你可以将站点传输速度提升而不必增加CPU负担。
• 不需要对现有代码进行任何改变

部署lnmp环境示例

组件版本

linux：centos6.5

php:5.5

nginx:1.8

mysql:5.5.18

nginx的安装

可以参考nginx的第一篇文章

mysql的安装

1、依赖
yum -y install cmake gcc-c++ make bison-devel ncurses-devel
增加用户
useradd mysql
2、解压安装 安装包自行下载
tar -zxf mysql-5.5.18.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.18
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/nick/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/nick/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/nick/mysql/data
make && make install

cd /home/nick/mysql && mkdir etc tmp var log

3、重命名系统自带的my.cnf
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

4、配置文件 复制到/home/nick/mysql/etc/my.cnf里面

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /home/nick/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /home/nick/mysql/mysql.sock

basedir = /home/nick/mysql
datadir = /home/nick/mysql/data
pid-file = /home/nick/mysql/log/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4

#skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 300

max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 1M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
tmp_table_size = 4M

read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
key_buffer_size = 1M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M

ft_min_word_len = 4

log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30

log_error = /home/nick/mysql/log/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /home/nick/mysql/log/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

#lower_case_table_names = 1

skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 1M
innodb_log_file_size = 8M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 8M

5、初始化数据库
/home/nick/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db

6、启动数据库
home/qfpay/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

7、supervisr的启动方式
[program:mysql]
command= /home/nick/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/nick/mysql/etc/my.cnf
directory=/home/nick/mysql
user=nick

PHP的安装

 下载程序
 wget wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.5.33.tar.gz
 先装第三方源
 yum install epel-release 
 安装依赖
 yum install -y gd gd-devel  libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libtool-ltdl libtool-ltdl-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel curl curl-devel t1lib t1lib-devel openssl openssl-devel
 解压安装
 /configure  \
 --disable-debug \
 --prefix=/usr/local/php5.5 \
 --enable-shmop \
 --with-gd \
 --with-jpeg-dir \
 --with-png-dir \
 --with-libxml-dir \
 --with-t1lib \
 --with-zlib \
 --with-mcrypt \ 
 --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
 --with-mysql=mysqlnd \
 --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
 --enable-sockets \
 --with-iconv \
 --enable-mbstring \
 --enable-mbregex \
 --enable-ftp \
 --enable-gd-native-ttf \
 --with-curl \
 --enable-fpm \
 --enable-pcntl \
 --enable-sysvmsg \
 --enable-sysvsem \
 --enable-sysvshm \
 --enable-zip \
 --with-freetype-dir \
 --enable-exif \
 --with-openssl \
 --with-pear \
 
 make && make install 
 
 拷贝php.ini:
 cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
 
 #php-fpm 的简单配置
 
 ;this configuration is for PHP 5.5 for heavy loaded servers

[global]
error_log = syslog
log_level = error
rlimit_files = 655360
rlimit_core = 0

[php-nick219]
user = nobody
group = nobody
#使用tcp
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
#使用sock
#listen = fpm.sock
#listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
#listen.mode = 666

pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 1000
pm.start_servers = 20                ;20
pm.min_spare_servers = 10        ;10
pm.max_spare_servers = 30        ;30
pm.max_requests = 500
; system max load (request number) = max_children * max_requests = 500,000

pm.status_path = /fpm_status
ping.path = /status
ping.response = ok

slowlog = /data/phplogs/phpfpm_slow.log
request_slowlog_timeout = 3s
listen.backlog = 4096

request_terminate_timeout = 5m

rlimit_files = 655360
rlimit_core = 0

security.limit_extensions = .php .html

php_admin_value['date.timezone'] = 'Asia/Shanghai'

;include rigger ENV files
include=env.conf

;add conf overrides from yaml

nginx配置

一个简单的配置，直接从server[...]开始

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name nick219.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /home/nick/www/nick219;
    
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
        #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi.conf
    }  
    #下面可以配置日志，缓存或者其它位置    
}

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nginx+fastcgi的配置结束