linux命令详解2-文件管理,查看文件命令
1. cat命令(tac)
----连接文件,并打印出来(顺序打印)与tac命令类似只不过,tac命令是逆序打印
【语法】
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...
【选项】
-A:显示所有的文件内容 -b:输出非空文件的行号,类似-n -e:类似-vE -E:在每一行的末尾加上$符号 -n:输出总行数 -s:suppress repeated empty output lines -t:类似-vT -T:显示tab -v:显示不能打印的字符 --help:显示help文档 --version:显示版本信息
【实例】
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/mysite/blog$ cat views.py from django.template import loader,Context from django.http import HttpResponse from blog.models import BlogPost # Create your views here. def archive(request): posts = BlogPost.objects.all() t = loader.get_template("archive.html") c = Context({'posts':posts}) return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
#显示两个文件的内容 sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/mysite/blog$ cat views.py models.py from django.template import loader,Context from django.http import HttpResponse from blog.models import BlogPost # Create your views here. def archive(request): posts = BlogPost.objects.all() t = loader.get_template("archive.html") c = Context({'posts':posts}) return HttpResponse(t.render(c)) from django.db import models from django.contrib import admin class BlogPost(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) body = models.TextField() timestamp = models.DateTimeField() ##order method class Meta: ordering = ('-timestamp','title') class BlogPostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('title','timestamp') class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) genre = models.CharField(max_length=100) num_pg = models.IntegerField() author = models.ManyToManyField(Author) def __unicode__(self): return self.title class SmithBook(Book): authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author,limit_choices_to={'name+endswith':'Smith'}) admin.site.register(BlogPost,BlogPostAdmin)
##显示非空行的行号
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/mysite/blog$ cat -b views.py
1 from django.template import loader,Context
2 from django.http import HttpResponse
3 from blog.models import BlogPost
4 # Create your views here.
5 def archive(request):
6 posts = BlogPost.objects.all()
7 t = loader.get_template("archive.html")
8 c = Context({'posts':posts})
9 return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
#显示文件中所有行的行号
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/mysite/blog$ cat -n views.py
1 from django.template import loader,Context
2 from django.http import HttpResponse
3 from blog.models import BlogPost
4
5 # Create your views here.
6 def archive(request):
7 posts = BlogPost.objects.all()
8 t = loader.get_template("archive.html")
9 c = Context({'posts':posts})
10 return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
#在每行的末尾加上$符号
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/mysite/blog$ cat -E views.py
from django.template import loader,Context$
from django.http import HttpResponse$
from blog.models import BlogPost$
$
# Create your views here.$
def archive(request):$
posts = BlogPost.objects.all()$
t = loader.get_template("archive.html")$
c = Context({'posts':posts})$
return HttpResponse(t.render(c))$
#使用<符号输出文件内容,使用>符号,向文件中写内容,以ctrl+d结束,保存在文件中。
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/test/file$ cat<a.txt
line1
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/test/file$ cat>b.txt
this is lineb
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/test/file$ cat<b.txt
this is lineb
#如果文件内容太多,不能全部打印在屏幕上,则可使用下面的语句
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/eagle-eye$ cat run_tests.sh | more
#使用tac倒序打印文件内容
sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/eagle-eye$ tac run_tests.sh | more
2. more命令
----打印文件内容
【语法】
more [-dlfpcsu] [-num] [+/pattern] [+linenum] [file ...]
【选项】(常用)
+num:从某一行开始打印
-num:一页最多显示num行
q:退出查看文件模式(ctrl+c)
【实例】
#一页最多显示5行 sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/mysite/blog$ more -5 views.py from django.template import loader,Context from django.http import HttpResponse from blog.models import BlogPost # Create your views here. --更多--(45%) #从第5行开始显示 sunny@sunny-ThinkPad-T450:~/PycharmProjects/mysite/blog$ more +5 views.py # Create your views here. def archive(request): posts = BlogPost.objects.all() t = loader.get_template("archive.html") c = Context({'posts':posts}) return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
3.tail命令
----输出文件的最后部分,默认最后的10行
【语法】
tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
【选项】
tail filename:显示文件的倒数10行 tail -n filename:显示倒数n行,代替10 tail -f filename: output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow, and --fol‐ low=descriptor are equivalent
4. head命令(与tail命令类似)
----显示文件的前面的部分,默认是前10行
【语法】
head [OPTION]... [FILE]...
【选项】
head filename:显示文件的前10行 head -n filename:显示前n行,代替10
5. less命令(类似more)
---- 查看文件,与more类似,可以使用pageup,pagedown进行翻页查看