State Design Pattern

In State pattern a class behavior changes based on its state. This type of design pattern comes under behavior pattern.

In State pattern, we create objects which represent various states and a context object whose behavior varies as its state object changes.

 

 

Code example: 

Step 1. Create State Interface

public interface State {
   public void doAction(Context context);
}

 

Step 2. Create Context Class

public class Context {
   private State state;

   public Context(){
      state = null;
   }

   public void setState(State state){
      this.state = state;        
   }

   public State getState(){
      return state;
   }
}

 

Step 3 Create Concrete classes implementing the same interface. 

StartState.java

public class StartState implements State {

   public void doAction(Context context) {
      System.out.println("Player is in start state");
      context.setState(this);    
   }

   public String toString(){
      return "Start State";
   }
}

StopState.java

public class StopState implements State {

   public void doAction(Context context) {
      System.out.println("Player is in stop state");
      context.setState(this);    
   }

   public String toString(){
      return "Stop State";
   }
}

 

Step 4 : Use the Context to see change in behaviour when State changes. 

StatePatternDemo.java

public class StatePatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Context context = new Context();

      StartState startState = new StartState();
      startState.doAction(context);

      System.out.println(context.getState().toString());

      StopState stopState = new StopState();
      stopState.doAction(context);

      System.out.println(context.getState().toString());
   }
}