《专门替中国人写的英语语法》（五）

    本文主要学习英语中的完成时，包括：现在完成时，过去完成时，过去完成进行时。

 

一、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）

    verb to have + past participle

1，There are a prototype, a past tense, and a past participle for every verb

    Prototype        past tense        past participle

      go                    went               gone

      come                came              come

      see                   saw                seen

      do                    did                 done

      get                   got                 got

      have                 had                had

      buy                  bought            bought

      draw                drew               drawn

      leave                left                 left

      write                wrote              written

      run                   ran                 run

      swim                 swam             swum

      eat                   ate                  eaten

      fly                    flew                 flown

      spread              spread             spread

      hit                    hit                   hit

      drink                 drank              drunk

      take                  took                taken

      grow                 grew               grown

      sell                    sold                sold

      ride                   rode                ridden

      steal                 stole                stolen

      break                broke               broken

      read                  read                read

      sing                   sang                sung

     

现在完成时用法：http://www.hjenglish.com/yufadaquan/p618105/

现在完成时的四种用法：http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201112/2725.html

 

2，现在完成时的一般用法

    现在完成时表示过去发生并已经完成的动作，强调对现在造成影响或后果，或者过去某一时刻开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。

基本结构：subject + have/has +past participle

1) Positive sentences : subject + have/has + past participle + object

2) Negative sentences: subject + have/has not + past participle + object

3) Common interrogative sentences:  Have/has + subject + past participle + object

4) Special interrogative sentences: What/how/where/when + have/has + subject + past participle +...

 

3，过去分词

1）规则动词 + ed

2）以‘e’结尾的动词 + d

3）以“辅音+y”结尾的动词： 将y改为i，+ ed

4）重读，闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双向辅音字母，+ed

eg: stopped, dropped,

5）不规则动词：    AAA    AAB    ABA    ABC