[LeetCode] 112. Path Sum

Given the root of a binary tree and an integer targetSum, return true if the tree has a root-to-leaf path such that adding up all the values along the path equals targetSum. A leaf is a node with no children.
Example1:

Input: root = [5,4,8,11,null,13,4,7,2,null,null,null,1], targetSum = 22
Output: true
Explanation: The root-to-leaf path with the target sum is shown.

Example2:

Input: root = [1,2,3], targetSum = 5
Output: false
Explanation: There two root-to-leaf paths in the tree:
(1 --> 2): The sum is 3.
(1 --> 3): The sum is 4.
There is no root-to-leaf path with sum = 5.

Example3:

Input: root = [], targetSum = 0
Output: false
Explanation: Since the tree is empty, there are no root-to-leaf paths.

Constraints:

• The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [0, 5000].
• -1000 <= Node.val <= 1000
• -1000 <= targetSum <= 1000

这道题的思路一看就是递归，但是需要注意的递归的出口，不但要处理null的情况，更要处理叶子结点。targetSum每次都会减掉当时的层结点的值，当到叶子的时候，只要叶子的值和剩下的targetSum一致，就可以了。其实就是前序遍历，每次把当前结点的val减掉。
注意：

• 这道题必须是到叶子结点累加，所以不需要考虑如果中间过程中有累加与targetSum相等。

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */

class Solution {
    public boolean hasPathSum(TreeNode root, int targetSum) {
        if (root == null) {
            return false;
        }
        targetSum -= root.val;
        if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
            return targetSum == 0;
        }
        return hasPathSum(root.left, targetSum) || hasPathSum(root.right, targetSum);
    }
}