使用cucumber & selenium实现一个简单的bddtest

1.Cucumber介绍

+ feature : read requirement
	+scenario : testing situation,including 
		+ Given/ 
		+ when/ 
		+ then

Feature：用来描述我们需要测试的功能
Scenario: 用来描述测试场景
Given： 前置条件
When: 描述测试步骤
Then: 断言

features：用来存放自然语言的用例文件
step_definitions：用来存放java代码实现的测试用例
jars：cucumber-jvm的相关jar包都放在这里
implementation：存放被测试的代码，也就是项目的实现文件

refer link：

https://docs.cucumber.io/guides/10-minute-tutorial/
https://docs.cucumber.io/guides/browser-automation/

2。使用步骤

2.1 引入依赖

<dependency>
			<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
			<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
			<artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
			<artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
			<version>1.0.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
			<artifactId>gherkin</artifactId>
			<version>2.12.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
			<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.11</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- Cucumber Tag related jars (start) -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
			<artifactId>selenium-server-standalone</artifactId>
			<version>3.12.0</version>
		</dependency>

2.2新建test.future文件

Feature: Is it Friday yet?
  Everybody wants to know when it's Friday

  Scenario: Sunday isn't Friday
    Given today is Sunday
    When I ask whether it's Friday yet
    Then I should be told "Nope"

2.3在resource目录下创建cucumber.bat,执行bat，cucumber会读取test2.feature文件的内容，生成step定义代码,把这个生成的内容，粘贴进去自己定义的java类里com/cucumber/hellocucumber/Stepdefs.java：

@Given("^today is Sunday$")
public void today_is_Sunday() throws Throwable {
    // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
    throw new PendingException();
}

@When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
    // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
    throw new PendingException();
}

@Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void i_should_be_told(String arg1) throws Throwable {
    // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
    throw new PendingException();
}

2。4编写测试类

在com/cucumber/hellocucumber目录下面编写com/cucumber/hellocucumber。java类，用junit执行run一下。会自动去读取

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features={"src/main/resources/features"})
public class RunCucumberTest {
	
}

一般用junit执行run一下，都会发现很多PendingException这时候就需要编写代码，使测试通过。

2.5编写代码使TodoSteps.java方法执行通过

public class Stepdefs {
	private String today;
	private String actualAnswer;

	@Given("^today is Sunday$")
	public void today_is_Sunday() throws Throwable {
		this.today = "Sunday";
	}

	@When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
	public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
		this.actualAnswer = IsItFriday.isItFriday(today);
	}
	


	@Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
	public void i_should_be_told(String expectedAnswer) throws Throwable {
		 assertEquals(expectedAnswer, actualAnswer);
	}
}

IsItFriday。java 如下：
public class IsItFriday {
	 static String isItFriday(String today) {
		 if (today.equals("Friday")) {
		        return "TGIF";
		    }
		    return "Nope";
	    }
}

3.Using variables and examples

3.1 use to define the variable and examples

Feature: Is it Friday yet?
  Everybody wants to know when it's Friday

  Scenario Outline: Today is or is not Friday
    Given today is "<day>"
    When I ask whether it's Friday yet
    Then I should be told "<answer>"

  Examples:
    | day | answer |
    | Friday | TGIF |
    | Sunday | Nope |
    | anything else! | Nope |

3.2 define the step class

	@Given("^today is \"([^\"]*)\"$")
	public void today_is(String today) throws Throwable {
	    // Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
		this.today = today;
		//throw new PendingException();
	}

	@When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
	public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
		this.actualAnswer = IsItFriday.isItFriday(today);
	}
	


	@Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
	public void i_should_be_told(String expectedAnswer) throws Throwable {
		 assertEquals(expectedAnswer, actualAnswer);
	}

4。Browser Automation

Cucumber本身不是一个浏览器自动化测试工具，但是通过和Selenium WebDriver结合可以完成一些简单的浏览器自动化测试工作。

4.1 依赖

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
			<artifactId>selenium-server-standalone</artifactId>
			<version>3.12.0</version>
		</dependency>

4.2prepare

如果你使用的时候chrom浏览器，那么需要在系统属性里面设置chromedriver.exe的路径

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:/swdtools/Chrome/chromedriver.exe");

4.3定义feature文件web.feature

Feature: search cheese on google
  
	Scenario: Finding some cheese
	   Given I am on the Baidu search page
	   When I search for "Cheese!"
	   Then the page title should start with "cheese"

4.4定义step类

public class ExampleSteps {
	 private final WebDriver driver = WebDriverFactory.createWebDriver();
	    @Given("^I am on the Baidu search page$")
	    public void I_visit_google() {
	    driver.get("https:\\www.baidu.com");
	   }

	   @When("^I search for \"(.*)\"$")
	     public void search_for(String query) {
	        WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));
	        // Enter something to search for
	        element.sendKeys(query);
	        // Now submit the form. WebDriver will find the form for us from the element
	        element.submit();
	   }

	   @Then("^the page title should start with \"(.*)\"$")
	   public void checkTitle(String titleStartsWith) {
	       // Google's search is rendered dynamically with JavaScript
	       // Wait for the page to load timeout after ten seconds
	       new WebDriverWait(driver,10L).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
	           public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
	               return d.getTitle().toLowerCase().startsWith("cheese");
	               // Should see: "cheese! -Google Search"
	           }
	       });
	    }

	    @After()
	     public void closeBrowser() {
	       driver.quit();
	     }
}

4.5编写测试类

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features={"src/main/resources/features"})
public class RunCucumberTest {

}