http协议、web服务器、并发服务器（上）
目录
1. HTTP格式
每个HTTP请求和响应都遵循相同的格式，一个HTTP包含Header和Body两部分，其中Body是可选的。HTTP协议是一种文本协议，所以，它的格式也非常简单。
1.1 HTTP GET请求的格式：
GET /path HTTP/1.1
Header1: Value1
Header2: Value2
Header3: Value3
1.2 HTTP POST请求的格式：
POST /path HTTP/1.1
Header1: Value1
Header2: Value2
Header3: Value3
body data goes here...
当遇到连续两个\r\n时，Header部分结束，后面的数据全部是Body。
1.3 HTTP响应的格式：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Header1: Value1
Header2: Value2
Header3: Value3
body data goes here...
HTTP响应如果包含body，也是通过\r\n\r\n来分隔的。
请再次注意，Body的数据类型由Content-Type头来确定，如果是网页，Body就是文本，如果是图片，Body就是图片的二进制数据。
当存在Content-Encoding时，Body数据是被压缩的，最常见的压缩方式是gzip，所以，看到Content-Encoding: gzip时，需要将Body数据先解压缩，才能得到真正的数据。压缩的目的在于减少Body的大小，加快网络传输。
2. Web静态服务器-显示固定的页面
import socket
def handle_client(new_client):
"""处理客户端请求"""
recv_data = new_client.recv(1024)
print(recv_data)
# 组装响应的内容
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = "6666"
response = response_headers + response_body
new_client.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
new_client.close()
def main():
# 创建套接字
tcp_socket_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 绑定本地消息
tcp_socket_server.bind(("", 8090))
# 套接字由主动变被动
tcp_socket_server.listen(128)
while True:
# 接收新的请求
new_client, client_addr = tcp_socket_server.accept()
handle_client(new_client)
# 关闭套接字
tcp_socket_server.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
如上的代码仅仅只是向浏览器发送了简单的文本内容：6666
在浏览器中访问：
3. Web静态服务器-显示需要的页面
import socket
import re
def handle_client(new_client):
"""处理客户端请求"""
recv_data = new_client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# GET / HTTP/1.1
request_header_lines = recv_data.splitlines()
for line in request_header_lines:
print(line)
http_request_line = request_header_lines[0];
get_file_name = re.match("[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", http_request_line).group(1)
print("file name is -> " + get_file_name)
# print(recv_data)
if get_file_name == "/":
get_file_name = "/index.html"
root_path = "./html"
get_file_name = root_path + get_file_name;
try:
f = open(get_file_name, "rb")
except:
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = b"page not found"
else:
# 组装响应的内容
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = f.read()
f.close()
new_client.send(response_headers.encode("utf-8"))
new_client.send(response_body)
new_client.close()
def main():
# 创建套接字
tcp_socket_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_socket_server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 绑定本地消息
tcp_socket_server.bind(("", 8090))
# 套接字由主动变被动
tcp_socket_server.listen(128)
while True:
# 接收新的请求
new_client, client_addr = tcp_socket_server.accept()
handle_client(new_client)
# 关闭套接字
tcp_socket_server.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
在浏览器中访问：
4. Web静态服务器-多进程版
import socket
import re
import multiprocessing
def handle_client(new_client):
"""处理客户端请求"""
recv_data = new_client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# GET / HTTP/1.1
request_header_lines = recv_data.splitlines()
for line in request_header_lines:
print(line)
http_request_line = request_header_lines[0];
get_file_name = re.match("[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", http_request_line).group(1)
print("file name is -> " + get_file_name)
# print(recv_data)
if get_file_name == "/":
get_file_name = "/index.html"
root_path = "./html"
get_file_name = root_path + get_file_name;
try:
f = open(get_file_name, "rb")
except:
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = b"page not found"
else:
# 组装响应的内容
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = f.read()
f.close()
new_client.send(response_headers.encode("utf-8"))
new_client.send(response_body)
new_client.close()
def main():
# 创建套接字
tcp_socket_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_socket_server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 绑定本地消息
tcp_socket_server.bind(("", 8090))
# 套接字由主动变被动
tcp_socket_server.listen(128)
while True:
# 接收新的请求
new_client, client_addr = tcp_socket_server.accept()
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=handle_client, args=(new_client,))
p.start()
new_client.close()
# 关闭套接字
tcp_socket_server.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
5. Web静态服务器-多线程版
import socket
import re
import threading
def handle_client(new_client):
"""处理客户端请求"""
recv_data = new_client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# GET / HTTP/1.1
request_header_lines = recv_data.splitlines()
for line in request_header_lines:
print(line)
http_request_line = request_header_lines[0];
get_file_name = re.match("[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", http_request_line).group(1)
print("file name is -> " + get_file_name)
# print(recv_data)
if get_file_name == "/":
get_file_name = "/index.html"
root_path = "./html"
get_file_name = root_path + get_file_name;
try:
f = open(get_file_name, "rb")
except:
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = b"page not found"
else:
# 组装响应的内容
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = f.read()
f.close()
new_client.send(response_headers.encode("utf-8"))
new_client.send(response_body)
new_client.close()
def main():
# 创建套接字
tcp_socket_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_socket_server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 绑定本地消息
tcp_socket_server.bind(("", 8090))
# 套接字由主动变被动
tcp_socket_server.listen(128)
while True:
# 接收新的请求
new_client, client_addr = tcp_socket_server.accept()
t = threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(new_client,))
t.start()
# 关闭套接字
tcp_socket_server.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
6. Web静态服务器-gevent版
import socket
import re
import gevent
from gevent import monkey
monkey.patch_all()
def handle_client(new_client):
"""处理客户端请求"""
recv_data = new_client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# GET / HTTP/1.1
request_header_lines = recv_data.splitlines()
for line in request_header_lines:
print(line)
http_request_line = request_header_lines[0];
get_file_name = re.match("[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", http_request_line).group(1)
print("file name is -> " + get_file_name)
# print(recv_data)
if get_file_name == "/":
get_file_name = "/index.html"
root_path = "./html"
get_file_name = root_path + get_file_name;
try:
f = open(get_file_name, "rb")
except:
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = b"page not found"
else:
# 组装响应的内容
response_headers = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_headers += "\r\n"
response_body = f.read()
f.close()
new_client.send(response_headers.encode("utf-8"))
new_client.send(response_body)
new_client.close()
def main():
# 创建套接字
tcp_socket_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_socket_server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 绑定本地消息
tcp_socket_server.bind(("", 8090))
# 套接字由主动变被动
tcp_socket_server.listen(128)
while True:
# 接收新的请求
new_client, client_addr = tcp_socket_server.accept()
g = gevent.spawn(handle_client, new_client)
g.join()
# 关闭套接字
tcp_socket_server.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
本文来自博客园，作者：coder-qi，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/coder-qi/p/10182138.html
