【小工具】XML解析器 —— XMLParser

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需求 分析:

在我们使用框架的过程中,经常会看到 配置文件需要用XML文件格式进行配置
(譬如:log4jmybatis等)
那么,在本篇博文中,本人就来提供一个 xml解析器,来方便我们理解这些框架的底层实现


实现 过程:

首先,本人还是以“学生信息”举例,首先,给出一个XML文件的代码:
student.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<students>
	<student id="032312" name="右转哥的忠实粉丝" sex="男">
	<hobby name="支持右转哥"></hobby>
	<hobby name="学习右转哥"></hobby>
	<hobby name="敬佩右转哥"></hobby>
	</student>
	<student id="032123" name="右转哥的病娇粉丝" sex="女">
	<hobby name="喜欢右转哥"></hobby>
	</student>
</students>

本人现在对于上面的语句进行一些说明:
1.第一行代码,是我们用编译器创建了*.xml文件时,自动写上去的,它的目的是帮助计算机识别我们的代码。所以,对于这段代码,我们不能更改,无需理解;
2.能够发现,除了第一行代码,其他的代码都是以

<标签名> 内容<\标签名> 

的方式进行书写的。
至于左右的<标签名> 和 <\标签名>,我们可以理解为 左括号 和 右括号。有左必有右,成对出现,不能缺少;
3.代码的第3、8行:

<student id="032312" name="章安京" sex="男">		//上段代码第3行

<student id="032123" name="的那些九年" sex="女">		//上段代码第8行

这两行和别的行的书写格式有些不太一样,这里来做一下解释:
可以将 id 和 name 以及 sex 理解为键值对,可以将它们理解为标签的属性,这也是我们用来区分每一个student标签的手段;
4.在XML文件中,和我们以往所编写的代码一样,也是可以进行注释的,但是格式略有不同。格式如下:

<!-- 注释内容 -->

那么,了解了相关的基本写法之后,本人再来给出两种不同的书写格式的XML文件:
student.tag.xml(代码中,将大多数粉丝信息存放在不同的标签的内容中):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<students>
	<student>
		<id>2511515</id>
		<name>右转哥的学徒</name>
		<sex>男</sex>
		<birtdhday>2002-10-3</birtdhday>
		<hobbies>
			<hobby>支持右转哥</hobby>
			<hobby>学习右转哥</hobby>
			<hobby>敬佩右转哥</hobby>
		</hobbies>
		<introduce>
			一心单推右转哥,面入大厂不是梦!
		</introduce>
	</student>
	<student>
		<id>12155</id>
		<name>右转哥的病娇粉丝</name>
		<sex>女</sex>
		<birtdhday>2000-12-26</birtdhday>
		<hobbies>
			<hobby>给右转哥博文点赞</hobby>
		</hobbies>
		<introduce>
			喜欢右转哥
		</introduce>
	</student>
</students>

student.att.xml(将大部分学生信息存放在标签的属性中):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<students>
	<student id="2511515" name="右转哥的学徒" sex="男" birtdhday="2002-10-3">
		<hobby>支持右转哥</hobby>
			<hobby>学习右转哥</hobby>
			<hobby>敬佩右转哥</hobby>
		<introduce>
			一心单推右转哥,面入大厂不是梦!
		</introduce>
	</student>
	<student id="12155" name="右转哥的病娇粉丝" sex="女" birtdhday="2000-12-26">
		<hobbies>
			<hobby>给右转哥博文点赞</hobby>
		</hobbies>
		<introduce>
			喜欢右转哥
		</introduce>
	</student>
</students>

那么,现在,本人为了之后输出的美观,再来给出一个处理学生信息的类:

package com.mec.about_xml.model;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class StudentInfo {
	private String id;
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private String birthday;
	private String introduce;
	private List<String> hobbies;
	
	public StudentInfo() {
		hobbies = new ArrayList<String>();
	}

	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public String getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}

	public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	public String getIntroduce() {
		return introduce;
	}

	public void setIntroduce(String introduce) {
		this.introduce = introduce;
	}

	public List<String> getHobbies() {
		return hobbies;
	}
	
	public void addHobby(String hobby) {
		if (hobbies.contains(hobby)) {
			return;
		}
		hobbies.add(hobby);
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
		
		res.append(id).append(" ")
			.append(sex).append(" ")
			.append(name).append(" ")
			.append(birthday).append("\n简介:")
			.append("\n\t")
			.append(introduce).append("\n").append("爱好:\n");
		for (String hobby : hobbies) {
			res.append('\t').append(hobby).append("\n");
		}
		
		return res.toString();
	}
	
}

那么,既然一切准备工作都做好了,本人就来显示一下最后那两个XML文件内的信息吧:
首先,本人来通过一个测试类 展示下 jdk原生方法解决方案

package com.mec.about_xml.parse.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import com.mec.about_xml.model.StudentInfo;

public class TestParseAttribute {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			InputStream is = TestParseAttribute.class.getResourceAsStream("/student.att.xml");	//这行语句的参数一定要注意了:本人将student.att.xml文件放在了根目录下,所以路径是“/student.att.xml”
			DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
			DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
			Document document = db.parse(is);
			//上面这四行语句,是解析XML文件的四种方法之一的固定搭配,目前阶段的我们还没能力明白这四句的原理,本人将会在之后的专栏中对于这四条语句的原理进行详细地讲解
			
			NodeList studentList = document.getElementsByTagName("student");
			for (int i = 0; i < studentList.getLength(); i++) {
				StudentInfo stu = new StudentInfo();
				
				Element student = (Element) studentList.item(i);
				String id = student.getAttribute("id");
				String name = student.getAttribute("name");
				String sex = student.getAttribute("sex");
				String birthday = student.getAttribute("birtdhday");
				
				NodeList hobbyList = student.getElementsByTagName("hobby");
				for (int j = 0; j < hobbyList.getLength(); j++) {
					Element hobby = (Element) hobbyList.item(j);
					String hobbyString = hobby.getTextContent();
					stu.addHobby(hobbyString);
				}
				
				stu.setId(id);
				stu.setName(name);
				stu.setSex(sex);
				stu.setBirthday(birthday);
				
				String introduce = student.getElementsByTagName("introduce")
						.item(0).getTextContent().trim();	//这个方法的作用是:用来获取标签的内容
						//上行代码的最后的trim()方法的作用是:忽略前导和尾随空格
				stu.setIntroduce(introduce);
				
				System.out.println(stu);
			}
		} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SAXException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

那么,我们来观看一下运行结果:
结果1

那么,接下来是另一个 jdk原生方法解决方案

package com.mec.about_xml.parse.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class TestParseTag {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			InputStream is = TestParseTag.class.getResourceAsStream("/student.tag.xml");
			DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
			DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
			Document document = db.parse(is);
			
			NodeList studentList =  document.getElementsByTagName("student");	//这个方法的作用是:用来获取标签的属性
			for (int index = 0; index < studentList.getLength(); index++) {
				Element student = (Element) studentList.item(index);
				Element idElement = (Element) student.getElementsByTagName("id").item(0);
				String id = idElement.getTextContent();
				
				Element nameElement = (Element) student.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0);
				String name = nameElement.getTextContent();
				
				Element introduceElement = (Element) student.getElementsByTagName("introduce").item(0);
				String introduce = introduceElement.getTextContent();
				
				System.out.println(id + ", " + name);
				System.out.println("[" + introduce.trim() + "]");
			}
		} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SAXException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

下面,我们来看一下运行结果:
结果2我们能够看到,和前一种结果相比,没有显示“爱好”的信息,本人在这里做一下解释:
因为本人的两种XML文件中的爱好都是存放在了标签的内容中,而并非属性中,所以,显示这两个文件中的“爱好”的信息的代码是一样的,所以,本人为了简明扼要地讲解完内容,就没有进行重复代码段的书写。


我们可以看到:使用jdk原生的方法去解析XML配置文件的内容,过程过于繁杂
因此,在这里,本人提供一个 小工具,来简化我们的解析:

代码 实现:

首先是 指定路径下,xml文件不存在异常

XMLIsInexistentException 异常:

package edu.youzg.util.exceptions;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * xml配置文件不存在 异常
 *
 * @author Youzg
 */
public class XMLIsInexistentException extends Exception {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5631612417525749262L;

    public XMLIsInexistentException() {
        super();
    }

    public XMLIsInexistentException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

    public XMLIsInexistentException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }

    public XMLIsInexistentException(Throwable cause) {
        super(cause);
    }

}

接下来是 XML解析器

XMLParser:

package edu.youzg.util;

import edu.youzg.util.exceptions.XMLIsInexistentException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * XML文件解析器
 *
 * @author Youzg
 */
public abstract class XMLParser {
    private static volatile DocumentBuilder db;

    public XMLParser() {
    }

    private static DocumentBuilder getDocumentBuilder() throws ParserConfigurationException {
        if (db == null) {
            synchronized (XMLParser.class) {
                if (db == null) {
                    db = DocumentBuilderFactory
                            .newInstance()
                            .newDocumentBuilder();
                }
            }
        }
        return db;
    }

    public static Document getDocument(String xmlPath) throws XMLIsInexistentException {
        InputStream is = XMLParser.class.getResourceAsStream(xmlPath);
        if (is == null) {
            throw new XMLIsInexistentException("路径[" + xmlPath + "]不存在xml文件!");
        }
        return getDocument(is);
    }

    private static Document getDocument(InputStream is) {
        Document document = null;
        try {
            document = getDocumentBuilder().parse(is);
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return document;
    }

    public abstract void dealElement(Element element, int index);

    public void parseTag(Document document, String tagName) {
        NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName(tagName);
        for (int index = 0; index < nodeList.getLength(); index++) {
            Element ele = (Element) nodeList.item(index);
            dealElement(ele, index);
        }
    }

    public void parseTag(Element element, String tagName) {
        NodeList nodeList = element.getElementsByTagName(tagName);
        for (int index = 0; index < nodeList.getLength(); index++) {
            Element ele = (Element) nodeList.item(index);
            dealElement(ele, index);
        }
    }

    public void parseRoot(Document document) {
        Element root = (Element) document.getChildNodes().item(0);
        dealElement(root, 0);
    }

    public void parseElement(Element element) {
        NodeList nodeList = element.getChildNodes();
        for (int index = 0; index < nodeList.getLength(); index++) {
            Node node = nodeList.item(index);
            if (node instanceof Element) {
                dealElement((Element) node, index);
            }
        }
    }

}

接下来,本人来测试下是否 可以正常读取XML配置文件

测试:

package com.mec.parse_xml.test;

import org.w3c.dom.Element;

import com.mec.about_xml.model.StudentInfo;
import com.mec.util.XMLParser;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new XMLParser() {
			@Override
			public void dealElement(Element element, int index) {
				StudentInfo stu = new StudentInfo();
				
				String id = element.getAttribute("id");
				stu.setId(id);
				String name = element.getAttribute("name");
				stu.setName(name);
				String sex = element.getAttribute("sex");
				stu.setSex(sex);
				String birthday = element.getAttribute("birtdhday");
				stu.setBirthday(birthday);
				
				new XMLParser() {
					@Override
					public void dealElement(Element element, int index) {
						String hobbyString = element.getTextContent();
						stu.addHobby(hobbyString);
					}
				}.parseTag(element, "hobby");
				
				new XMLParser() {
					@Override
					public void dealElement(Element element, int index) {
						String introduce = element.getTextContent().trim();
						stu.setIntroduce(introduce);
					}
				}.parseTag(element, "introduce");
				
				System.out.println(stu);
			}
		}.parseTag(XMLParser.getDocument("/student.att.xml"), "student");
	}

}

下面是运行结果:
测试
可以看到:xml文件内容 读取正常!


完整代码:

首先是 指定路径下,xml文件不存在异常

XMLIsInexistentException 异常:

package edu.youzg.util.exceptions;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * xml配置文件不存在 异常
 *
 * @author Youzg
 */
public class XMLIsInexistentException extends Exception {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5631612417525749262L;

    public XMLIsInexistentException() {
        super();
    }

    public XMLIsInexistentException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

    public XMLIsInexistentException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }

    public XMLIsInexistentException(Throwable cause) {
        super(cause);
    }

}

接下来是 XML解析器

XMLParser:

package edu.youzg.util;

import edu.youzg.util.exceptions.XMLIsInexistentException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * XML文件解析器
 *
 * @author Youzg
 */
public abstract class XMLParser {
    private static volatile DocumentBuilder db;

    public XMLParser() {
    }

    private static DocumentBuilder getDocumentBuilder() throws ParserConfigurationException {
        if (db == null) {
            synchronized (XMLParser.class) {
                if (db == null) {
                    db = DocumentBuilderFactory
                            .newInstance()
                            .newDocumentBuilder();
                }
            }
        }
        return db;
    }

    public static Document getDocument(String xmlPath) throws XMLIsInexistentException {
        InputStream is = XMLParser.class.getResourceAsStream(xmlPath);
        if (is == null) {
            throw new XMLIsInexistentException("路径[" + xmlPath + "]不存在xml文件!");
        }
        return getDocument(is);
    }

    private static Document getDocument(InputStream is) {
        Document document = null;
        try {
            document = getDocumentBuilder().parse(is);
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return document;
    }

    public abstract void dealElement(Element element, int index);

    public void parseTag(Document document, String tagName) {
        NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName(tagName);
        for (int index = 0; index < nodeList.getLength(); index++) {
            Element ele = (Element) nodeList.item(index);
            dealElement(ele, index);
        }
    }

    public void parseTag(Element element, String tagName) {
        NodeList nodeList = element.getElementsByTagName(tagName);
        for (int index = 0; index < nodeList.getLength(); index++) {
            Element ele = (Element) nodeList.item(index);
            dealElement(ele, index);
        }
    }

    public void parseRoot(Document document) {
        Element root = (Element) document.getChildNodes().item(0);
        dealElement(root, 0);
    }

    public void parseElement(Element element) {
        NodeList nodeList = element.getChildNodes();
        for (int index = 0; index < nodeList.getLength(); index++) {
            Node node = nodeList.item(index);
            if (node instanceof Element) {
                dealElement((Element) node, index);
            }
        }
    }

}

posted @ 2020-04-21 23:40  在下右转,有何贵干  阅读(656)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报