从零开始，学习windows编程外篇（1）--分析lib文件
大家都知道，lib文件是很多obj文件合在一起得到的一个静态库文件。那某一个特定的lib文件，到底是由哪些obj文件组成的呢？
有一个工具可以帮到你，它的名字叫做lib.exe。
还是用LIBC.LIB来举例。我电脑上这个lib文件的位置是在“d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\Lib\LIBC.LIB”，进入这个目录。
所有的lib使用选项：
d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\Lib>lib /?
Microsoft (R) Library Manager Version 6.00.8447
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1992-1998. All rights reserved.usage: LIB [options] [files]
options:
/CONVERT
/DEBUGTYPE:CV
/DEF[:filename]
/EXPORT:symbol
/EXTRACT:membername
/INCLUDE:symbol
/LIBPATH:dir
/LINK50COMPAT
/LIST[:filename]
/MACHINE:{ALPHA|ARM|IX86|MIPS|MIPS16|MIPSR41XX|PPC|SH3|SH4}
/NAME:filename
/NODEFAULTLIB[:library]
/NOLOGO
/OUT:filename
/REMOVE:membername
/SUBSYSTEM:{NATIVE|WINDOWS|CONSOLE|WINDOWSCE|POSIX}[,#[.##]]
/VERBOSE
可以使用list来显示其中的obj文件。
d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\Lib>lib /list libc.lib
整个列表比较长，所以我又做了个重定向，将输入放到log文件中了。
d:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\Lib>lib /list libc.lib > d:\test\libc.log
最终输出有600多行，所以折叠起来，大家可以展开看。
Microsoft (R) Library Manager Version 6.00.8447 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1992-1998. All rights reserved. ..\build\intel\st_obj\util.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\matherr.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\ldexp.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\ieeemisc.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\frexp.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\fpexcept.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\bessel.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\xmmi2_fp_emul.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\xmmi_fp_emul.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\sqrt.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\pow.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\log10.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\log.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\tan.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\cos.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\sin.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\atan.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\acos.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\asin.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\testfdiv.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\powhlp.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\modf.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\ieee87.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\hypot.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\huge.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\genexcep.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\ftol.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\fsqrt.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\frnd.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\fpctrl.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\floor.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\filter_simd.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\filter.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\fabs.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\common.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\ceil.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\adj_fdiv.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87trigh.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87triga.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87trig.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87tran.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87sqrt.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87fmod.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87except.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87disp.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87ctrigh.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87ctriga.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87ctran.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\87cdisp.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\fltinf.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\x10fout.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\tenpow.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\strgtold.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\mantold.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\intrncvt.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\fpinit.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\cvt.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\constpow.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\cfout.obj ..\build\intel\st_obj\cfin.obj build\intel\st_obj\wutime.obj build\intel\st_obj\wstrtime.obj build\intel\st_obj\wstrdate.obj build\intel\st_obj\wctime.obj build\intel\st_obj\wasctime.obj build\intel\st_obj\wcsftime.obj build\intel\st_obj\utime.obj build\intel\st_obj\tzset.obj build\intel\st_obj\timeset.obj build\intel\st_obj\time.obj build\intel\st_obj\systime.obj build\intel\st_obj\strtime.obj build\intel\st_obj\strdate.obj build\intel\st_obj\strftime.obj build\intel\st_obj\mktime.obj build\intel\st_obj\localtim.obj build\intel\st_obj\gmtime.obj build\intel\st_obj\ftime.obj build\intel\st_obj\dtoxtime.obj build\intel\st_obj\difftime.obj build\intel\st_obj\days.obj build\intel\st_obj\ctime.obj build\intel\st_obj\clock.obj build\intel\st_obj\asctime.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\mbslen.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nset.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nicoll.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nicmp.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\ncpy.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\ncoll.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\ncmp.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\ncat.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nbset.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nbicoll.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nbicmp.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nbcpy.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nbcoll.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nbcmp.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nbcat.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\_mbscpy.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\_mbclen.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\len.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\icoll.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\coll.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\icmp.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\cmp.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\upr.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\lwr.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\spnp.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\ninc.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nextc.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nccnt.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\nbcnt.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\inc.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\dec.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\set.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\rev.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\tok.obj build\intel\st_obj\tcmap\str.obj 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build\intel\st_obj\heapmin.obj build\intel\st_obj\heapinit.obj build\intel\st_obj\heapchk.obj build\intel\st_obj\heapadd.obj build\intel\st_obj\free.obj build\intel\st_obj\expand.obj build\intel\st_obj\calloc.obj build\intel\st_obj\align.obj build\intel\st_obj\wsystem.obj build\intel\st_obj\wspwnvpe.obj build\intel\st_obj\wspawnvp.obj build\intel\st_obj\wspawnve.obj build\intel\st_obj\wspawnv.obj build\intel\st_obj\wspwnlpe.obj build\intel\st_obj\wspawnlp.obj build\intel\st_obj\wspawnle.obj build\intel\st_obj\wspawnl.obj build\intel\st_obj\wexecvpe.obj build\intel\st_obj\wexecvp.obj build\intel\st_obj\wexecve.obj build\intel\st_obj\wexecv.obj build\intel\st_obj\wexeclpe.obj build\intel\st_obj\wexeclp.obj build\intel\st_obj\wexecle.obj build\intel\st_obj\wexecl.obj build\intel\st_obj\wdospawn.obj build\intel\st_obj\wcenvarg.obj build\intel\st_obj\wait.obj build\intel\st_obj\system.obj build\intel\st_obj\spawnvpe.obj build\intel\st_obj\spawnvp.obj build\intel\st_obj\spawnve.obj build\intel\st_obj\spawnv.obj build\intel\st_obj\spawnlpe.obj build\intel\st_obj\spawnlp.obj build\intel\st_obj\spawnle.obj build\intel\st_obj\spawnl.obj build\intel\st_obj\loaddll.obj build\intel\st_obj\getproc.obj build\intel\st_obj\execvpe.obj build\intel\st_obj\execvp.obj build\intel\st_obj\execve.obj build\intel\st_obj\execv.obj build\intel\st_obj\execlpe.obj build\intel\st_obj\execlp.obj build\intel\st_obj\execle.obj build\intel\st_obj\execl.obj build\intel\st_obj\dospawn.obj build\intel\st_obj\fileinfo.obj build\intel\st_obj\cenvarg.obj build\intel\st_obj\typname.obj build\intel\st_obj\typinfo.obj build\intel\st_obj\stdexcpt.obj build\intel\st_obj\rtti.obj build\intel\st_obj\undname.obj build\intel\st_obj\ehvecdtr.obj build\intel\st_obj\ehveccvb.obj build\intel\st_obj\ehvecctr.obj build\intel\st_obj\validate.obj build\intel\st_obj\user.obj build\intel\st_obj\unhandld.obj build\intel\st_obj\throw.obj build\intel\st_obj\hooks.obj build\intel\st_obj\frame.obj build\intel\st_obj\ehprolog2.obj build\intel\st_obj\ehprolog.obj build\intel\st_obj\lowhelpr.obj build\intel\st_obj\trnsctrl.obj build\intel\st_obj\wunlink.obj build\intel\st_obj\wstati64.obj build\intel\st_obj\wstat.obj build\intel\st_obj\wrmdir.obj build\intel\st_obj\wrename.obj build\intel\st_obj\wmkdir.obj build\intel\st_obj\wgetcwd.obj build\intel\st_obj\wfullpat.obj build\intel\st_obj\wchmod.obj build\intel\st_obj\wchdir.obj build\intel\st_obj\waccess.obj build\intel\st_obj\unlink.obj build\intel\st_obj\stati64.obj build\intel\st_obj\stat.obj build\intel\st_obj\rmdir.obj build\intel\st_obj\rename.obj build\intel\st_obj\mterrno.obj build\intel\st_obj\mkdir.obj build\intel\st_obj\getpid.obj build\intel\st_obj\getcwd.obj build\intel\st_obj\fullpath.obj build\intel\st_obj\drive.obj build\intel\st_obj\dosmap.obj build\intel\st_obj\chdir.obj build\intel\st_obj\chmod.obj build\intel\st_obj\access.obj build\intel\st_obj\wfndfi64.obj build\intel\st_obj\wfindfil.obj build\intel\st_obj\enable.obj build\intel\st_obj\slbeep.obj build\intel\st_obj\seterrm.obj build\intel\st_obj\findfi64.obj build\intel\st_obj\findfile.obj build\intel\st_obj\drivfree.obj build\intel\st_obj\drivemap.obj build\intel\st_obj\xtow.obj build\intel\st_obj\xtoa.obj build\intel\st_obj\wtox.obj build\intel\st_obj\wctomb.obj build\intel\st_obj\wcstombs.obj build\intel\st_obj\wcstol.obj build\intel\st_obj\wcstod.obj build\intel\st_obj\towupper.obj build\intel\st_obj\towlower.obj build\intel\st_obj\toupper.obj build\intel\st_obj\tolower.obj build\intel\st_obj\swab.obj build\intel\st_obj\strtol.obj build\intel\st_obj\strtod.obj build\intel\st_obj\mbtowc.obj build\intel\st_obj\mbstowcs.obj build\intel\st_obj\mblen.obj build\intel\st_obj\iswctype.obj build\intel\st_obj\isctype.obj build\intel\st_obj\gcvt.obj build\intel\st_obj\fcvt.obj build\intel\st_obj\atox.obj build\intel\st_obj\atof.obj build\intel\st_obj\_wctype.obj build\intel\st_obj\_mbslen.obj build\intel\st_obj\_fptostr.obj build\intel\st_obj\_ctype.obj
从这里也可以看出，所有合在里面的obj文件，都是在/build/intel/st_obj/目录下面的。也就验证了libc.lib是给单线程静态库使用的说法。
另外，使用lib命令还可以将需要的obj文件从lib文件中分离出来。这里解压的时候，最好是先将lib文件拷贝到一个临时目录下，不要放在VC原来的lib目录下操作。我这里放在d:\test目录进行。目标是解出一个crt0.obj文件。
D:\test>lib /EXTRACT:build\intel\st_obj\crt0.obj libc.lib
Microsoft (R) Library Manager Version 6.00.8447
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1992-1998. All rights reserved.
之后，就可以用dumpbin来观察解出来的obj文件了。
D:\test>dumpbin crt0.obj
Microsoft (R) COFF Binary File Dumper Version 6.00.8447
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1992-1998. All rights reserved.Dump of file crt0.obj
File Type: COFF OBJECT
Summary
C .bss
8 .data
20 .debug$F
C .rdata
128 .text
这里使用/all选项出来的内容过多，大家可以自己去看输出，这里就不贴出来了。只是提供一个思路和方法。
另外，使用dumpbin命令，还可以看到lib文件中的函数，具体可以用linkermember选项。
D:\test>dumpbin /linkermember libc.lib>func.log
同样因为内容过多，大家还是自己去看，可以找一下_mainCRTStartup。
注意：
第8行，第1850行，第4334行有一个分隔。
