Spring 单元测试

 

添加 maven 支持

        <!-- test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.9</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.9</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

 

创建测试类

package test;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;import com.MyApplication;import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = QuecEnduserServiceApplication.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class TestEnduserApi {

    @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void emailLogin() throws Exception {
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/api/emailPwdLogin");
        builder.param("email", "x");
        builder.param("pwd","x");
        builder.param("random","x");

        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(builder).andReturn();
        MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();
        response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        String content = response.getContentAsString();

        System.out.println("--------- emailLogin response -----------");
        System.out.println(content);
    }
}

 

注解说明

@SpringBootTest

@SpringBootTest(classes = QuecEnduserServiceApplication.class)

MyApplication.class 是 Spring 项目的启动类，使用 @SpringBootApplication 注解标注的类。 标注后，单元测试中可以使用 Spring 的运行环境。比如使用 @Autowired 注解来使用被注入到 Spring 中的资源。

 

@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;

用来执行项目中的 Rest API，MockMvcRequestBuilders 可执行的方法如下：

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request;

import java.net.URI;

import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;

import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;

/**
 * Static factory methods for {@link RequestBuilder RequestBuilders}.
 *
 * <h3>Integration with the Spring TestContext Framework</h3>
 * <p>Methods in this class will reuse a
 * {@link org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext MockServletContext}
 * that was created by the Spring TestContext Framework.
 *
 * <h3>Eclipse Users</h3>
 * <p>Consider adding this class as a Java editor favorite. To navigate to
 * this setting, open the Preferences and type "favorites".
 *
 * @author Arjen Poutsma
 * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
 * @author Greg Turnquist
 * @author Sebastien Deleuze
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @author Kamill Sokol
 * @since 3.2
 */
public abstract class MockMvcRequestBuilders {

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a GET request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder get(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.GET, urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a GET request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.0.3
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder get(URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.GET, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a POST request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder post(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.POST, urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a POST request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.0.3
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder post(URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.POST, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a PUT request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder put(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.PUT, urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a PUT request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.0.3
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder put(URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.PUT, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a PATCH request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder patch(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.PATCH, urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a PATCH request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.0.3
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder patch(URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.PATCH, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a DELETE request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder delete(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.DELETE, urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a DELETE request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.0.3
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder delete(URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.DELETE, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for an OPTIONS request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder options(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for an OPTIONS request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.0.3
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder options(URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a HEAD request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     * @since 4.1
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder head(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.HEAD, urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a HEAD request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.1
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder head(URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(HttpMethod.HEAD, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a request with the given HTTP method.
     * @param method the HTTP method (GET, POST, etc)
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request(HttpMethod method, String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(method, urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a request with the given HTTP method.
     * @param httpMethod the HTTP method (GET, POST, etc)
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.0.3
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request(HttpMethod httpMethod, URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(httpMethod, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Alternative factory method that allows for custom HTTP verbs (e.g. WebDAV).
     * @param httpMethod the HTTP method
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.3
     */
    public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request(String httpMethod, URI uri) {
        return new MockHttpServletRequestBuilder(httpMethod, uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a multipart request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     * @since 5.0
     */
    public static MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder multipart(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder(urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a multipart request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 5.0
     */
    public static MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder multipart(URI uri) {
        return new MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder(uri);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a multipart request.
     * @param urlTemplate a URL template; the resulting URL will be encoded
     * @param uriVars zero or more URI variables
     * @deprecated in favor of {@link #multipart(String, Object...)}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder fileUpload(String urlTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
        return new MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder(urlTemplate, uriVars);
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder} for a multipart request.
     * @param uri the URL
     * @since 4.0.3
     * @deprecated in favor of {@link #multipart(URI)}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder fileUpload(URI uri) {
        return new MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder(uri);
    }


    /**
     * Create a {@link RequestBuilder} for an async dispatch from the
     * {@link MvcResult} of the request that started async processing.
     * <p>Usage involves performing a request that starts async processing first:
     * <pre class="code">
     * MvcResult mvcResult = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/1"))
     *    .andExpect(request().asyncStarted())
     *    .andReturn();
     *  </pre>
     * <p>And then performing the async dispatch re-using the {@code MvcResult}:
     * <pre class="code">
     * this.mockMvc.perform(asyncDispatch(mvcResult))
     *     .andExpect(status().isOk())
     *     .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
     *     .andExpect(content().string("{\"name\":\"Joe\",\"someDouble\":0.0,\"someBoolean\":false}"));
     * </pre>
     * @param mvcResult the result from the request that started async processing
     */
    public static RequestBuilder asyncDispatch(MvcResult mvcResult) {

        // There must be an async result before dispatching
        mvcResult.getAsyncResult();

        return servletContext -> {
            MockHttpServletRequest request = mvcResult.getRequest();
            request.setDispatcherType(DispatcherType.ASYNC);
            request.setAsyncStarted(false);
            return request;
        };
    }

}

 

 

 

@Test

@Test 注解需要加在 public void 的参数为空的方法上：

 

 

方法上添加了 @Test 注解后，点击左侧的三角形图标，可以弹出该方法的执行菜单：

 

 

Run 运行模式

Debug 调试模式

 

运行后的结果：