[LeetCode] 1650. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree III

Given two nodes of a binary tree p and q, return their lowest common ancestor (LCA).

Each node will have a reference to its parent node. The definition for Node is below:

class Node {
    public int val;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
    public Node parent;
}

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: "The lowest common ancestor of two nodes p and q in a tree T is the lowest node that has both p and q as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself)."

Example 1:

Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 1
Output: 3
Explanation: The LCA of nodes 5 and 1 is 3.

Example 2:

Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 4
Output: 5
Explanation: The LCA of nodes 5 and 4 is 5 since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.

Example 3:

Input: root = [1,2], p = 1, q = 2
Output: 1

Constraints:

The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [2, 105].
-109 <= Node.val <= 109
All Node.val are unique.
p != q
p and q exist in the tree.

二叉树的最近公共祖先 III。

给定一棵二叉树中的两个节点 p 和 q，返回它们的最近公共祖先节点（LCA）。

每个节点都包含其父节点的引用（指针）。Node 的定义如下：

class Node {
public int val;
public Node left;
public Node right;
public Node parent;
}
根据维基百科中对最近公共祖先节点的定义：“两个节点 p 和 q 在二叉树 T 中的最近公共祖先节点是后代节点中既包括 p 又包括 q 的最深节点（我们允许一个节点为自身的一个后代节点）”。一个节点 x 的后代节点是节点 x 到某一叶节点间的路径中的节点 y。

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode.cn/problems/lowest-common-ancestor-of-a-binary-tree-iii
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

这道题跟前两个版本的区别是多了一个 parent 节点。这样我们就可以从当前节点反过来往回找父节点是谁。既然还是找两个节点的最小公共父节点，那么我们就从两个节点分别开始找他们各自的父节点。这里我首先去看一下两个节点的深度分别是多少，并把他们的深度先调整成一样。当深度一样的时候，方便两个节点同时往他们各自的父节点走，这样他们可以同时到达他们共同的父节点。

时间O(h)

空间O(1)

Java实现

 1 /*
 2 // Definition for a Node.
 3 class Node {
 4     public int val;
 5     public Node left;
 6     public Node right;
 7     public Node parent;
 8 };
 9 */
10 
11 class Solution {
12     public Node lowestCommonAncestor(Node p, Node q) {
13         int pDepth = getDepth(p);
14         int qDepth = getDepth(q);
15         while (pDepth > qDepth) {
16             pDepth--;
17             p = p.parent;
18         }
19         while (pDepth < qDepth) {
20             qDepth--;
21             q = q.parent;
22         }
23 
24         while (p != q) {
25             p = p.parent;
26             q = q.parent;
27         }
28         return p;
29     }
30 
31     private int getDepth(Node node) {
32         int depth = 0;
33         while (node != null) {
34             node = node.parent;
35             depth++;
36         }
37         return depth;
38     }
39 }

CNoodle

Let the code speak for you.

[LeetCode] 1650. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree III

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