[LeetCode] 890. Find and Replace Pattern
Given a list of strings words
and a string pattern
, return a list of words[i]
that match pattern
. You may return the answer in any order.
A word matches the pattern if there exists a permutation of letters p
so that after replacing every letter x
in the pattern with p(x)
, we get the desired word.
Recall that a permutation of letters is a bijection from letters to letters: every letter maps to another letter, and no two letters map to the same letter.
Example 1:
Input: words = ["abc","deq","mee","aqq","dkd","ccc"], pattern = "abb" Output: ["mee","aqq"] Explanation: "mee" matches the pattern because there is a permutation {a -> m, b -> e, ...}. "ccc" does not match the pattern because {a -> c, b -> c, ...} is not a permutation, since a and b map to the same letter.
Example 2:
Input: words = ["a","b","c"], pattern = "a" Output: ["a","b","c"]
Constraints:
1 <= pattern.length <= 20
1 <= words.length <= 50
words[i].length == pattern.length
pattern
andwords[i]
are lowercase English letters.
查找和替换模式。
你有一个单词列表 words 和一个模式 pattern,你想知道 words 中的哪些单词与模式匹配。
如果存在字母的排列 p ,使得将模式中的每个字母 x 替换为 p(x) 之后,我们就得到了所需的单词,那么单词与模式是匹配的。
(回想一下,字母的排列是从字母到字母的双射:每个字母映射到另一个字母,没有两个字母映射到同一个字母。)
返回 words 中与给定模式匹配的单词列表。
你可以按任何顺序返回答案。
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/find-and-replace-pattern
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这道题类似205题,找同构词,思路类似,但是205题问的是两个词是否互为同构词,这道题问的是 input 数组里面有哪些词跟 pattern 是同构词。
检查的思路是对于每个词 word,涉及到的每个字母 c1,在 pattern 中的映射如果存在,则只能是 c2,如果找到了 c1 - c2 这样的映射之后发现某个字母 c1 又映射到了别的字母 c3,则是错的;另外还要再检查一遍是否 word 中有多个字母映射到了 pattern 中的同一个字母。
时间O(n)
空间O(n)
Java实现
1 class Solution { 2 public List<String> findAndReplacePattern(String[] words, String pattern) { 3 List<String> res = new ArrayList<>(); 4 for (String word : words) { 5 if (helper(word, pattern)) { 6 res.add(word); 7 } 8 } 9 return res; 10 } 11 12 private boolean helper(String word, String pattern) { 13 HashMap<Character, Character> map = new HashMap<>(); 14 for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) { 15 char w = word.charAt(i); 16 char p = pattern.charAt(i); 17 if (!map.containsKey(w)) { 18 map.put(w, p); 19 } 20 if (map.get(w) != p) { 21 return false; 22 } 23 } 24 25 boolean[] seen = new boolean[26]; 26 // 因为hashmap存的时候,key是unique的,所以value理应也是unique的 27 // 所以如果出现重复的value就说明是错的 28 for (char p : map.values()) { 29 if (seen[p - 'a']) { 30 return false; 31 } 32 seen[p - 'a'] = true; 33 } 34 return true; 35 } 36 }
另外一种代码,思路类似。
Java实现
1 class Solution { 2 public List<String> findAndReplacePattern(String[] words, String pattern) { 3 List<String> res = new ArrayList<>(); 4 for (String word : words) { 5 if (helper(word, pattern)) { 6 res.add(word); 7 } 8 } 9 return res; 10 } 11 12 private boolean helper(String word, String pattern) { 13 int[] map = new int[26]; 14 int[] visited = new int[26]; 15 boolean ok = true; 16 Arrays.fill(map, -1); 17 Arrays.fill(visited, 0); 18 for (int i = 0; i < word.length() && ok; i++) { 19 int c1 = word.charAt(i) - 'a'; 20 int c2 = pattern.charAt(i) - 'a'; 21 if (map[c1] == -1 && visited[c2] == 0) { 22 map[c1] = c2; 23 visited[c2] = 1; 24 } else if (map[c1] != c2) { 25 ok = false; 26 } 27 } 28 return ok; 29 } 30 }
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