[LeetCode] 622. Design Circular Queue

Design your implementation of the circular queue. The circular queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called "Ring Buffer".

One of the benefits of the circular queue is that we can make use of the spaces in front of the queue. In a normal queue, once the queue becomes full, we cannot insert the next element even if there is a space in front of the queue. But using the circular queue, we can use the space to store new values.

Implementation the MyCircularQueue class:

  • MyCircularQueue(k) Initializes the object with the size of the queue to be k.
  • int Front() Gets the front item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.
  • int Rear() Gets the last item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.
  • boolean enQueue(int value) Inserts an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
  • boolean deQueue() Deletes an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
  • boolean isEmpty() Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not.
  • boolean isFull() Checks whether the circular queue is full or not.

You must solve the problem without using the built-in queue data structure in your programming language. 

Example 1:

Input
["MyCircularQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "Rear", "isFull", "deQueue", "enQueue", "Rear"]
[[3], [1], [2], [3], [4], [], [], [], [4], []]
Output
[null, true, true, true, false, 3, true, true, true, 4]

Explanation
MyCircularQueue myCircularQueue = new MyCircularQueue(3);
myCircularQueue.enQueue(1); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(2); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(3); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return False
myCircularQueue.Rear();     // return 3
myCircularQueue.isFull();   // return True
myCircularQueue.deQueue();  // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return True
myCircularQueue.Rear();     // return 4

Constraints:

  • 1 <= k <= 1000
  • 0 <= value <= 1000
  • At most 3000 calls will be made to enQueuedeQueueFrontRearisEmpty, and isFull.

设计循环队列。

设计你的循环队列实现。 循环队列是一种线性数据结构,其操作表现基于 FIFO(先进先出)原则并且队尾被连接在队首之后以形成一个循环。它也被称为“环形缓冲器”。

循环队列的一个好处是我们可以利用这个队列之前用过的空间。在一个普通队列里,一旦一个队列满了,我们就不能插入下一个元素,即使在队列前面仍有空间。但是使用循环队列,我们能使用这些空间去存储新的值。

你的实现应该支持如下操作:

MyCircularQueue(k): 构造器,设置队列长度为 k 。
Front: 从队首获取元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
Rear: 获取队尾元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
enQueue(value): 向循环队列插入一个元素。如果成功插入则返回真。
deQueue(): 从循环队列中删除一个元素。如果成功删除则返回真。
isEmpty(): 检查循环队列是否为空。
isFull(): 检查循环队列是否已满。

来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/design-circular-queue
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思路还是比较直观的,既然是环形队列,说明一定是只能使用固定大小的内存。为了达到这个题的练习目的,这道题我用数组实现。创建一个长度为 K 的数组,同时创建几个变量,front, rear是数组前后的两个指针,代表enque和deque的位置,len 记录数组目前的长度。

时间O(n)

空间O(n)

Java实现

 1 class MyCircularQueue {
 2     final int[] a;
 3     int front = 0;
 4     int rear = -1;
 5     int len = 0;
 6 
 7     public MyCircularQueue(int k) {
 8         a = new int[k];
 9     }
10 
11     public boolean enQueue(int val) {
12         if (!isFull()) {
13             rear = (rear + 1) % a.length;
14             a[rear] = val;
15             len++;
16             return true;
17         } else
18             return false;
19     }
20 
21     public boolean deQueue() {
22         if (!isEmpty()) {
23             front = (front + 1) % a.length;
24             len--;
25             return true;
26         } else
27             return false;
28     }
29 
30     public int Front() {
31         return isEmpty() ? -1 : a[front];
32     }
33 
34     public int Rear() {
35         return isEmpty() ? -1 : a[rear];
36     }
37 
38     public boolean isEmpty() {
39         return len == 0;
40     }
41 
42     public boolean isFull() {
43         return len == a.length;
44     }
45 }

 

LeetCode 题目总结

posted @ 2020-08-03 12:35  CNoodle  阅读(162)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报