[LeetCode] 98. Validate Binary Search Tree

Given the root of a binary tree, determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).

A valid BST is defined as follows:
The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key.
The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node's key.
Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Example 1:
Example 1
Input: root = [2,1,3]
Output: true

Example 2:
Example 2
Input: root = [5,1,4,null,null,3,6]
Output: false
Explanation: The root node's value is 5 but its right child's value is 4.

Constraints:
The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [1, 104].
-231 <= Node.val <= 231 - 1

验证二叉搜索树。

给你一个二叉树的根节点 root ,判断其是否是一个有效的二叉搜索树。

有效 二叉搜索树定义如下:
节点的左子树只包含 小于 当前节点的数。
节点的右子树只包含 大于 当前节点的数。
所有左子树和右子树自身必须也是二叉搜索树。

来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/validate-binary-search-tree
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思路

二叉搜索树的特性是对于每个node而言,他的左子树上任意节点都比他自身小,右子树上任意节点都比他自身大。这个题也是有两种做法,迭代和递归。时间空间复杂度都是O(n)。

复杂度

时间O(n)
空间O(n)

迭代

迭代的做法其实就是树的中序遍历,需要用到 stack。按照中序遍历的顺序遍历所有的 node,记录一个 pre node 和一个 currrent node。如果树是一个合法的BST,中序遍历的结果应该是有序的。

代码

Java实现

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        // corner case
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }

        // normal case
        TreeNode cur = root;
        TreeNode pre = null;
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        while (cur != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
            while (cur != null) {
                stack.push(cur);
                cur = cur.left;
            }
            cur = stack.pop();
            if (pre != null && pre.val >= cur.val) {
                return false;
            }
            pre = cur;
            cur = cur.right;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

JavaScript实现

/**
 * @param {TreeNode} root
 * @return {boolean}
 */
var isValidBST = function (root) {
    if (root === null) return true;
    let stack = [];
    let cur = root;
    let pre = null;
    while (cur !== null || stack.length) {
        while (cur !== null) {
            stack.push(cur);
            cur = cur.left;
        }
        cur = stack.pop();
        if (pre !== null && cur.val <= pre.val) {
            return false;
        }
        pre = cur;
        cur = cur.right;
    }
    return true;
};

递归

递归的代码就非常简单了,任何节点如果存在左孩子,左孩子的 val 不能大于其父节点;如果存在右孩子, 右孩子的 val 不能小于其父节点。

代码

Java实现

class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) return true;
        return helper(root, null, null);
    }

    private boolean helper(TreeNode root, Integer min, Integer max) {
        if (root == null) return true;
        if (min != null && root.val <= min) return false;
        if (max != null && root.val >= max) return false;
        return helper(root.left, min, root.val) && helper(root.right, root.val, max);
    }
}

JavaScript实现

/**
 * @param {TreeNode} root
 * @return {boolean}
 */
var isValidBST = function (root) {
    if (root === null) return true;
    return helper(root, null, null);
};

var helper = function (root, min, max) {
    if (root === null) return true;
    if (min !== null && root.val <= min) return false;
    if (max !== null && root.val >= max) return false;
    return helper(root.left, min, root.val) && helper(root.right, root.val, max);
}
posted @ 2020-01-31 03:03  CNoodle  阅读(470)  评论(0)    收藏  举报