[LeetCode] 144. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal

Given the root of a binary tree, return the preorder traversal of its nodes' values.

Example 1:
Example 1
Input: root = [1,null,2,3]
Output: [1,2,3]

Example 2:
Input: root = []
Output: []

Example 3:
Input: root = [1]
Output: [1]

Constraints:
The number of nodes in the tree is in the range [0, 100].
-100 <= Node.val <= 100

Follow up: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

二叉树的前序遍历。

给你二叉树的根节点 root ,返回它节点值的 前序 遍历。

思路

树的几种遍历,网上有一个不错的例子,一个树给了多种遍历的结果。

二叉树的遍历有多种方式,此题是要求用先序遍历。先序遍历的特点是根 - 左 - 右。即如果只有一个根节点和两个子节点的情形下(比如[1, 2, 3]),输出结果应该也是[1, 2, 3]。这题迭代和递归都需要掌握。遍历的时候会用到栈,因为栈是先进后出,所以放进栈的时候记得要逆向,先放右孩子再放左孩子,这样弹出的时候就会先弹出左孩子,再弹出右孩子。两种做法的时间复杂度是O(n),空间复杂度是O(h)。h是树的高度。

复杂度

时间O(n)
空间O(h)

代码

迭代

Java实现

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        stack.push(root);
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            TreeNode cur = stack.pop();
            res.add(cur.val);
            if (cur.right != null) {
                stack.push(cur.right);
            }
            if (cur.left != null) {
                stack.push(cur.left);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

递归

Java实现

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null) return res;
        helper(res, root);
        return res;
    }

    private void helper(List<Integer> res, TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) return;
        res.add(root.val);
        helper(res, root.left);
        helper(res, root.right);
    }
}
posted @ 2019-12-16 12:47  CNoodle  阅读(456)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报