Linux 笔记 - 第十六章 LNMP 之（一） 环境搭建
一、前言
LNMP 中的 N 指 Nginx，在静态页面的处理上，Nginx 较 Apache 更胜一筹；但在动态页面的处理上，Nginx 并不比 Apache 有优势，目前有很多爱好者对 Nginx 比较热衷。
二、安装 LNMP
LNMP 中 MySQL 的安装步骤和 LAMP 中的一样，前面的文章已经介绍，此处只讲解 PHP 和 Nginx 的安装。
2.1 安装 PHP
下载 PHP 的源码包 php-7.2.8.tar.gz 到 /usr/local/src 目录下，解压得到 php-7.2.8。
预编译
[root@ryan ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.2.8 [root@ryan php-7.2.8]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm [root@ryan php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/php7 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --enable-soap --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --without-pear --with-curl --with-openssl [root@ryan php-7.2.8]# echo $? 0
其实此处预编译参数中还应该添加上 --with-mysqli，表示添加 MySQL 模块支持，以前版本可以添加的 --with-mysql 参数在 PHP7 中已经过期失效。如果在预编译时没有添加参数 --with-mysqli，则需要按照下面的 2.2 所示的步骤来安装 mysqli 动态扩展 。
PHP7 相对与 PHP5 的最大变化之一是移除了mysql 扩展，推荐使用 mysqli 或者 pdo_mysql，实际上在 PHP5.5 开始，PHP 就着手开始准备弃用 mysql 扩展，如果你使用 mysql 扩展，可能看到过这样的提示 "Deprecated: mysql_connect(): The mysql extension is deprecated and will be removed in the future: use mysqli or PDO instead in"。所以在以后的程序中，为了保持兼容性，要尽量减少使用 mysql 扩展用于数据库连接。
编译
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# make [root@ryan php-7.2.8]# echo $? 0
安装
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# make install [root@ryan php-7.2.8]# echo $? 0
修改配置文件
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php.ini [root@ryan php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
将以下内容写入 php-fpm.conf 文件，如下：
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf [global] pid = /usr/local/lnmp/php7/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/lnmp/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen.mode = 666 user = php-fpm group = php-fpm pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024
验证配置文件
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# /usr/local/lnmp/php7/sbin/php-fpm -t [12-Aug-2018 18:52:29] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
如果显示 "test is successful" 则说明配置没有问题；否则就要根据提示检查配置文件。
复制服务启动脚本
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.2.8/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@ryan php-7.2.8]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
启动 php-fpm 服务
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# service php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done
查看进程
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# ps aux |grep php-fpm root 15607 0.0 0.3 106596 6112 ? Ss 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf) php-fpm 15608 0.0 0.2 106596 5556 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15609 0.0 0.2 106596 5560 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15610 0.0 0.2 106596 5560 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15611 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15612 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15613 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15614 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15615 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15616 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15617 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15618 0.0 0.2 106596 5568 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15619 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15620 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15621 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15622 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15623 0.0 0.2 106596 5560 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15624 0.0 0.2 106596 5560 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15625 0.0 0.2 106596 5568 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15626 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 15627 0.0 0.2 106596 5564 ? S 19:22 0:00 php-fpm: pool www root 15629 0.0 0.0 103312 880 pts/0 S+ 19:22 0:00 grep php-fpm
可以看到启动了很多进程，大约有二十多个。
也可以使用 php-fpm -m 查看模块和 php-fpm -i 查看phpinfo，如下：
[root@ryan conf]# /usr/local/lnmp/php7/sbin/php-fpm -m [PHP Modules] cgi-fcgi Core ctype curl date dom exif fileinfo filter ftp gd hash iconv json libxml mbstring openssl pcre PDO pdo_sqlite Phar posix Reflection session SimpleXML soap SPL sqlite3 standard tokenizer xml xmlreader xmlwriter zlib [Zend Modules] [root@ryan conf]# /usr/local/lnmp/php7/sbin/php-fpm -i phpinfo() PHP Version => 7.2.8 System => Linux ryan 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue May 10 17:27:01 UTC 2016 x86_64 Build Date => Aug 12 2018 15:24:13 Configure Command => './configure' '--prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/php7' '--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc' '--enable-fpm' '--with-fpm-user=php-fpm' '--with-fpm-group=php-fpm' '--with-libxml-dir' '--with-gd' '--with-jpeg-dir' '--with-png-dir' '--with-freetype-dir' '--with-iconv-dir' '--with-zlib-dir' '--enable-soap' '--enable-ftp' '--enable-mbstring' '--enable-exif' '--disable-ipv6' '--without-pear' '--with-curl' '--with-openssl' Server API => FPM/FastCGI Virtual Directory Support => disabled Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php.ini Scan this dir for additional .ini files => (none) Additional .ini files parsed => (none) PHP API => 20170718 PHP Extension => 20170718 Zend Extension => 320170718 Zend Extension Build => API320170718,NTS PHP Extension Build => API20170718,NTS Debug Build => no Thread Safety => disabled Zend Signal Handling => enabled Zend Memory Manager => enabled Zend Multibyte Support => provided by mbstring IPv6 Support => disabled DTrace Support => disabled ……
2.2 PHP 动态扩展模块安装
由于在上面安装 PHP 的时候，没有安装 MySQL 的支持模块 mysqli，这会导致后面访问系统时，有可能出现如下错误提示：Oops!System file lost class/class_mysqli.php
所以此处讲解如何给已经安装完成的 PHP 安装动态扩展模块。
进入 PHP 扩展模块目录：/usr/local/src/php-7.2.8/ext
[root@ryan ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.2.8/ext [root@ryan ext]# ll total 320 drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 bcmath drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 bz2 drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 calendar drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 com_dotnet drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 ctype drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 curl drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:19 date drwxrwxr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 dba drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 dom drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 enchant drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 exif -rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 9432 Jul 17 13:35 ext_skel -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1169 Jul 17 13:35 ext_skel_win32.php drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 fileinfo drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 filter drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 ftp drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 gd drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 gettext drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 gmp drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:22 hash drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:22 iconv drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 imap drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 interbase drwxrwxr-x 21 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 intl drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:22 json drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 ldap drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:19 libxml drwxrwxr-x 7 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 mbstring drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 mysqlnd drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 oci8 drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 odbc drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:19 opcache drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:19 openssl drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pcntl drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:20 pcre drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 pdo drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pdo_dblib drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pdo_firebird drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pdo_mysql drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pdo_oci drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pdo_odbc drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pdo_pgsql drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 pdo_sqlite drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pgsql drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:26 phar drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 posix drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 pspell drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 readline drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 recode drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 reflection drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 session drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 shmop drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 simplexml drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 skeleton drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 snmp drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 soap drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 sockets drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 sodium drwxrwxr-x 6 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:23 spl drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:20 sqlite3 drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 12288 Aug 12 15:24 standard drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 sysvmsg drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 sysvsem drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 sysvshm drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 tidy drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:24 tokenizer drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 wddx drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:24 xml drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:24 xmlreader drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 xmlrpc drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:24 xmlwriter drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 xsl drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 zend_test drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 17 13:35 zip drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 12 15:21 zlib [root@ryan ext]# cd mysqli [root@ryan mysqli]# ll total 344 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 4597 Jul 17 13:35 config.m4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1619 Jul 17 13:35 config.w32 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 61 Jul 17 13:35 CREDITS -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 76537 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_api.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 50510 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 5012 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_driver.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 3443 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_embedded.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 2654 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_exception.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 25883 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_fe.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 5334 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_fe.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 6571 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_libmysql.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 2620 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_mysqlnd.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 36916 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_nonapi.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 5649 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_priv.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 16317 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_prop.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 2455 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_report.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 5115 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_result_iterator.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 8587 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_warning.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 4368 Jul 17 13:35 package.xml -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1678 Jul 17 13:35 php_mysqli.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 9987 Jul 17 13:35 php_mysqli_structs.h drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 20480 Jul 17 13:35 tests -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 31 Jul 17 13:35 TODO
进入你要安装的模块目录，执行命令：/usr/local/lnmp/php7/bin/phpize，如下
[root@ryan mysqli]# /usr/local/lnmp/php7/bin/phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20170718 Zend Module Api No: 20170718 Zend Extension Api No: 320170718 [root@ryan mysqli]# ll total 1588 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85825 Aug 12 23:07 acinclude.m4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 316202 Aug 12 23:07 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 23:07 autom4te.cache drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 23:07 build -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 42938 Aug 12 23:07 config.guess -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1764 Aug 12 23:07 config.h.in -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 4597 Jul 17 13:35 config.m4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35967 Aug 12 23:07 config.sub -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 467868 Aug 12 23:07 configure -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4698 Aug 12 23:07 configure.ac -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1619 Jul 17 13:35 config.w32 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 61 Jul 17 13:35 CREDITS -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 12 23:07 install-sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 199728 Aug 12 23:07 ltmain.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7135 Aug 12 23:07 Makefile.global -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 12 23:07 missing -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 12 23:07 mkinstalldirs -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 76537 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_api.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 50510 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 5012 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_driver.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 3443 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_embedded.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 2654 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_exception.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 25883 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_fe.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 5334 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_fe.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 6571 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_libmysql.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 2620 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_mysqlnd.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 36916 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_nonapi.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 5649 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_priv.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 16317 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_prop.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 2455 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_report.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 5115 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_result_iterator.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 8587 Jul 17 13:35 mysqli_warning.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 4368 Jul 17 13:35 package.xml -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 1678 Jul 17 13:35 php_mysqli.h -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 9987 Jul 17 13:35 php_mysqli_structs.h -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85732 Aug 12 23:07 run-tests.php drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 20480 Jul 17 13:35 tests -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 31 Jul 17 13:35 TODO
发现会多创建出来一些文件。
在预编译之前先将 mysqlnd 扩展复制到 mysqli 目录下，因为 mysqli 需要依赖 mysqlnd，如下：
[root@ryan mysqli]# mkdir ext [root@ryan mysqli]# cd ../ [root@ryan ext]# cp -r mysqlnd mysqli/ext [root@ryan ext]# cd mysqli
预编译
[root@ryan mysqli]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/lnmp/php7/bin/php-config --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config [root@ryan mysqli]# echo $? 0
在此安装中，--with-php-config=/usr/local/lnmp/php7/bin/php-config 参数是固定的。可以 find 来搜索使用 php-config 和 mysql_config。
编译
[root@ryan mysqli]# make [root@ryan mysqli]# echo $? 0
安装
[root@ryan mysqli]# make install …… ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/lnmp/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718/ Installing header files: /usr/local/lnmp/php7/include/php/ [root@ryan mysqli]# echo $? 0
查看动态模块文件
[root@ryan mysqli]# ll /usr/local/lnmp/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718/ total 6252 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 749614 Aug 12 23:43 mysqli.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3565484 Aug 12 15:29 opcache.a -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2078551 Aug 12 15:29 opcache.so
可以看到已经生成 mysqli.so 模块文件，此目录为 PHP 的动态扩展模块目录，这与查看phpinfo中动态扩展模块得到的目录一致，如下：
[root@ryan mysqli]# /usr/local/lnmp/php7/bin/php -i |grep -i extension_dir extension_dir => /usr/local/lnmp/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718 => /usr/local/lnmp/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718 sqlite3.extension_dir => no value => no value
添加扩展的模块
[root@ryan mysqli]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php.ini
extension=mysqli.so
php.ini 里面的分号;是注释符。
查看 PHP 加载的模块
[root@ryan mysqli]# /usr/local/lnmp/php7/sbin/php-fpm -m [PHP Modules] cgi-fcgi Core ctype curl date dom exif fileinfo filter ftp gd hash iconv json libxml mbstring mysqli openssl pcre PDO pdo_sqlite Phar posix Reflection session SimpleXML soap SPL sqlite3 standard tokenizer xml xmlreader xmlwriter zlib [Zend Modules]
发现 mysqli 动态扩展模块已经添加完成。只要是使用 extension 手动添加的模块，均属于动态（shared）扩展模块，否则即为静态（static）模块。
2.3 安装 Nginx
访问 Nginx 官方网站：http://nginx.org，可以发现其更新速度很快，此处我们选择下载当前最新文档版，stable 1.14.0，如下：
下载和解压 Nginx
[root@ryan php-7.2.8]# cd /usr/local/src [root@ryan src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz [root@ryan src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
预编译
[root@ryan src]# cd nginx-1.14.0 [root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module [root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# echo $? 0
编译
[root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# make [root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# echo $? 0
安装
[root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# make install [root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# echo $? 0
启动 Nginx
[root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# ll /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin total 5864 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6000765 Aug 12 20:06 nginx [root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx [root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# ps aux |grep nginx root 18259 0.0 0.0 46856 1192 ? Ss 20:15 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx nobody 18260 0.0 0.0 47288 1772 ? S 20:15 0:00 nginx: worker process root 18262 0.0 0.0 103308 876 pts/0 S+ 20:15 0:00 grep nginx
看到 Nginx 默认使用系统自带的 nobody 用户。
配置解析 php
找到 /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，将如下内容前面的 # 删掉，如下：
[root@ryan nginx-1.14.0]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf [root@ryan conf]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }
并将其修改为：
location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/www/DiscuzX$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }
将 root 网站根目录 /data/www/DiscuzX; 放在上层，作为全局配置，并将 location / 中的 root he error_page 中的 root 注释掉。
验证 nginx 配置文件
[root@ryan conf]# /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
启动 Nginx 的命令
[root@ryan mysqli]# /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx
重新加载
[root@ryan conf]# /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试是否正常解析
添加 index.php 到 index 索引页后，访问如下：
综上：
php 的配置文件为：/usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php.ini
php-fpm 的配置文件为：/usr/local/lnmp/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
启动 MySQL 的命令：
# service mysqld start
启动 php-fpm 的命令：
# service php-fpm start
启动 nginx 的命令：
# /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止 nginx 的命令：
# /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
重新加载 nginx 配置文件的命令：
# /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
其中 -s signal：给一个 nginx 主进程发送信号：stop（停止）, quit（退出）, reopen（重启）, reload（重新加载配置文件）
ldd命令用于打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表。如下：
[root@ryan ~]# which ls alias ls='ls --color=auto' /bin/ls [root@ryan ~]# ldd /bin/ls linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffc292e1000) libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f5b47388000) librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007f5b47180000) libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f5b46f7b000) libacl.so.1 => /lib64/libacl.so.1 (0x00007f5b46d73000) libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5b469df000) libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f5b467da000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5b475b3000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f5b465bd000) libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f5b463b8000)
注意：在 ldd 命令打印的结果中，"=>"左边的表示该程序需要连接的共享库之 so 名称，右边表示由 Linux 的共享库系统找到的对应的共享库在文件系统中的具体位置。默认情况下，/etc/ld.so.conf 文件中包含有默认的共享库搜索路径。
附录
LNMP架构的搭建（Linux+Nginx+MySQL+PHP源码安装 ）+Discuz论坛的搭建
centos php7 安装mysqli扩展心得：https://www.cnblogs.com/fengxuezhiyi/p/6896702.html
LNMP 一键安装包：https://lnmp.org/install.html
php-fpm 启动后没有监听端口9000：https://blog.csdn.net/bujidexinq/article/details/70209625
nginx命令详解：https://www.cnblogs.com/linux-centos/p/5790506.html
linux下php添加mysqli扩展mysqli_api.lo错误：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/a3f121e4cb684afc9152bb73.html
Linux下 config/configure/Configure、make 、make test/make check、sudo make install 的作用
