docker（podman）容器设置中文环境

容器系统使用 Debian12 为例

安装中文环境

apt -y update && apt -y upgrade
apt install -y locales

生成中文环境

echo "zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.gen
locale-gen

写入 bash.bashrc 文件

echo -e "\n# chinese zh_CN.UTF-8" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
echo -e "export LANG=\"zh_CN.UTF-8\"" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
echo -e "export LANGUAGE=\"zh_CN.UTF-8\"" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
echo -e "export LC_ALL=\"zh_CN.UTF-8\"" >> /etc/bash.bashrc

写入 profile 文件

echo -e "\n# chinese zh_CN.UTF-8" >> /etc/profile
echo -e "export LANG=\"zh_CN.UTF-8\"" >> /profile
echo -e "export LANGUAGE=\"zh_CN.UTF-8\"" >> /etc/profile
echo -e "export LC_ALL=\"zh_CN.UTF-8\"" >> /etc/profile

退出容器，重新进入，验证中文环境，显示 zh_CN.UTF-8

locale

中文 Dockerfile 示例

# 容器来源
FROM atomhub.openatom.cn/amd64/debian:latest

# 换国内镜像，DEB822 格式
RUN sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

# 更新系统
RUN apt -y update && apt -y upgrade

# 安装中文环境
RUN apt install -y locales && \
echo 'zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8' >> /etc/locale.gen && \
locale-gen

# 设置中文
RUN echo '\n# chinese zh_CN.UTF-8\n\
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"\n\
export LANGUAGE="zh_CN.UTF-8"\n\
export LC_ALL="zh_CN.UTF-8"\n' >> /etc/bash.bashrc

RUN echo '\n# chinese zh_CN.UTF-8\n\
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"\n\
export LANGUAGE="zh_CN.UTF-8"\n\
export LC_ALL="zh_CN.UTF-8"\n' >> /etc/profile

# 安装软件
RUN apt install -y nano
# 安装中文字体，运行中文界面的 GUI 软件需要
# RUN apt install fonts-wqy-*