操作容器

启动容器

启动容器有两种方式，一种是基于镜像新建一个容器并启动，另外一个是将在终止状态(stopd)的容器重新启动。

新建并启动

命令 docker run 或者docker container run（Docker 1.13+）

例如，下面输出一个 hello world 之后终止容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run ubuntu:14.04 /bin/echo 'hello world'
hello world

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
root@bb39955f2bc5:/# 

启动已终止容器

docker container start [names or container id]

后台运行

用 -d 参数运行容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run ubuntu:17.10 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
hello world
hello world
...

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -d ubuntu:17.10 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
4ab0ae66c4d3479d03d1b40181dd82f2e30a17dd4cb7dd8fc9dda18dc23fd979
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4ab0ae66c4d3        ubuntu:17.10        "/bin/sh -c 'while..."   34 seconds ago      Up 33 seconds                           nifty_thompson

[root@localhost ~]# docker container logs nifty_thompson 
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
[root@localhost ~]#
 或者
[root@localhost ~]# docker container logs -f nifty_thompson 
hello world
hello world
...持续输出

终止容器

docker container stop [container id or names]

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4ab0ae66c4d3        ubuntu:17.10        "/bin/sh -c 'while..."   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            nifty_thompson
[root@localhost ~]# docker container stop nifty_thompson 
nifty_thompson
[root@localhost ~]# 

 进入容器

使用 -d 参数时，容器启动后会进入后台

进入容器可以使用命令 docker attach [container id or names] 或 docker exec [container id or names] 两种方法

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -dit ubuntu
154f174c96ee5629ad798c5031b2491628141ffe0c5be91a1de7d5412c57e7c8
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
154f174c96ee        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds                            affectionate_poincare
[root@localhost ~]# docker container attach 154f
root@154f174c96ee:/# 
root@154f174c96ee:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# 

docker attach 命令进入容器，如果从stdin中exit, 会导致容器的停止；用docker exec 进入容器，exit则不会停止

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -dit ubuntu
b5961768d580852a6f9c73c4ad81f1d85843f83bfb9ed04315be6f02afb92ab2
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
b5961768d580        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         7 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds                            kind_swirles
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it b596 bash
root@b5961768d580:/# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
b5961768d580        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       kind_swirles
[root@localhost ~]# 

 导出和导入

docker export  [docker container export]

docker import  [docker image import]

docker export [cotainer id] > ubuntu.tar

cat ubuntu.tar | docker import - test/ubuntu:v1.0

删除容器

docker rm [names or container id]

[root@localhost docker]# docker rm kind_swirles 
kind_swirles

docker ps -a 

清理所有终止状态的容器 docker container prune