Linux 2T+硬盘分区和动态扩容分区

1、查看硬盘分区信息

# fdisk -l
查看未格式化的分区

# parted -l 可以查看未挂载的文件系统类型，以及哪些分区尚未格式化
# lsblk -f 可以查看未挂载的文件系统类型

2、格式化分区

# parted /dev/vdb
# mklabel gpt
# mkpart primary xfs 0% 100%
# set 1 lvm on         //set：添加标志；1：为分区编号；lvm：标志；on：开启
# print                //查看分区表
# quit

如硬盘小于2T则使用如下命令：
# fdisk /dev/vdb
Command (m for help): m
Command (m for help): n
Select (default p): p
Command (m for help): w

3、创建逻辑卷组

(1)初始化分区vdb1为物理卷pv
# pvcreate /dev/vdb1    //初始化
# pvdisplay             //显示物理卷信息
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdb1
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  PV Size               <4.00 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048575
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1048575
  PV UUID               OsEekg-IwBU-zAjv-sl4D-5p4V-2kTp-82Loqn

(2)创建逻辑卷组vg,将/dev/vdb1物理卷加入到这个卷组里（VolGroup00为自定义的名字）
# vgcreate VolGroup00 /dev/vdb1     //创建逻辑卷组
# vgdisplay VolGroup00 -v           //显示卷组信息
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <4.00 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048575
  Alloc PE / Size       1048575 / <4.00 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               KhVEIT-UAnm-Mowf-Cz7e-AQ8h-7Q1P-V5cIIr
注：使用vgdisplay显示有关逻辑卷的信息，如上所示，看到卷组可用的空间为4T，为什么提示空间不够呢？其实正在的原因：可用的PE数量是1048575，而每个PE大小是4.00MiB，所以其实这个卷组实际的可用空间其实不是4T，而是1048575*4/1024 = 4095.99609375G

(3)创建逻辑卷LV,名称LogVol00，由卷组VolGroup00提供空间，并给他指定拥有4095.996G的LogVol00为自定义的名字)
# lvcreate -L +4095.996G -n LogVol00 VolGroup00
# lvdisplay                         //显示逻辑卷信息

4、格式化逻辑分区，格式 xfs

# mkfs.xfs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

如要格式化为ext4格式使用如下命令
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

5、挂载逻辑卷分区

(1)将/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00这个逻辑卷挂在到/data文件下
# mount -t xfs /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 /data

如是ext4文件格式使用如下命令：
# mount -t /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 /data

(2)设置开机自动挂载
# blkid                 //得到新建lvm分区信息
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00: UUID="defa1975-5186-4c34-9200-615f258b8e7e" TYPE="xfs" 

# vi /etc/fstab
UUID=defa1975-5186-4c34-9200-615f258b8e7e /data   xfs  defaults  0 0

# df -Th

6、动态扩容分区

# fdisk -l
# parted /dev/vdc
# mklabel gpt
# mkpart primary xfs 0% 100%
# set 1 lvm on
# print                    //查看分区表
# quit
# pvcreate /dev/vdc1       //初始化分区
# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/vdc1  //将初始化过的分区加入VolGroup00虚拟卷组
# vgdisplay VolGroup00 -v  //查看逻辑组信息
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <8.00 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2097150
  Alloc PE / Size       2097150 / <8.00 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               KhVEIT-UAnm-Mowf-Cz7e-AQ8h-7Q1P-V5cIIr

# lvextend -L +4095.996G /dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_data   //扩展已有卷的容量
# pvdisplay                //查看卷容量
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdb1
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  PV Size               <4.00 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048575
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1048575
  PV UUID               OsEekg-IwBU-zAjv-sl4D-5p4V-2kTp-82Loqn
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdc1
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  PV Size               <4.00 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048575
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1048575
  PV UUID               7Kn3JV-bgzp-CshD-EBkP-0cro-xiP2-lY1w4x

# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00              //扩容文件系统
注：如分区格式为ext4此处使用 resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

# df -Th

LVM其他操作

(1)删除一个vg
# vgchange -a n VolGroup00
# vgremove VolGroup00

(2)从vg中删除pv
# pvdisplay              //查看确保pv不被lv使用
如果pv已经被使用，需要使用pvmove命令把pv的数据迁移到另外空闲的pv
# pvmove /dev/sda /dev/sdb
# vgreduce VolGroup00 /dev/sda      //删除pv

(3)删除一个LV
# umount /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
# lvremove /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
lvremove -- do you really want to remove "/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00"? [y/n]: y
lvremove -- doing automatic backup of volume group "VolGroup00"
lvremove -- logical volume "/dev/myvg/homevol" successfully removed