Angular:利用内容投射向组件输入ngForOf模板

现在,我们写一个组件puppiesListCmp,用于显示小狗狗的列表:

//puppies-list.component.ts
@Component({
  selector: 'puppies-list',
  template: `
    <div *ngFor="let puppy of puppies">
      <span>{{puppy.name}}</span>
      <span>{{puppy.age}}</span>
      <span>{{puppy.color}}</span>
    </div>
`
})
export class puppiesListCmp{
  @Input() puppies: Puppy[];
}
interface Puppy {
  name: string,
  age: number,
  color: string
}

然后这样使用:

//app.component.ts
@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: `
    <puppies-list [puppies]="puppies"></puppies-list>
`
})
export class App{
  puppies = [
    {
      name: "sam",
      age: 0.6,
      color: "yellow"
    },
    {
      name: "bingo",
      age: 1.5,
      color: "black"
    }
  ]
}

效果就行这样:

但是,我希望我们的puppiesListCmp组件可以满足不同的需求,比如在数据不变的情况下只显示小狗狗的name和color,就像这样:

这就是本文的重点了。我们需要实现用户自定义模板!
现在我们不写死组件的模板了,而是让用户从外部输入!
首先,我们的组件模板:

<div *ngFor="let puppy of puppies">
      <span>{{puppy.name}}</span>
      <span>{{puppy.age}}</span>
      <span>{{puppy.color}}</span>
</div>

等价于:

<ng-template ngFor let-puppy [ngForOf]="puppies">
      <div>
        <span>{{puppy.name}}</span>
        <span>{{puppy.age}}</span>
        <span>{{puppy.color}}</span>
      </div>
</ng-template>

然后,用@ContentChild(关于@ContentChild可以查看这里,需FQ)获取到外部(相对puppiesListCmp组件而言)自定义模板,并赋给ngForTemplate。也就是说,这部分:

<div>
    <span>{{puppy.name}}</span>
    <span>{{puppy.age}}</span>
    <span>{{puppy.color}}</span>
</div>

不再像之前那样写死在组件里了,而是由使用者在父组件中自定义,然后利用Angular的内容投射(Content Projection),投射到puppiesListCmp组件里面。就像这样:

//puppies-list.component.ts
import { Component, Input, ContentChild, TemplateRef } from '@angular/core';
import { NgForOfContext } from '@angular/common';
@Component({
  selector: 'puppies-list',
  template: `
<ng-template ngFor let-puppy [ngForOf]="puppies" [ngForTemplate]="tpl"></ng-template>
`
})
export class puppiesListCmp{
  @Input() puppies: Puppy[];
  @ContentChild(TemplateRef) tpl: TemplateRef<NgForOfContext<Puppy>>
}
interface Puppy {
  name: string,
  age: number,
  color: string
}

这样我们的组件就算完成了。然后我们使用它:

//app.component.ts
@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: `
<puppies-list [puppies]="puppies">
  <ng-template let-puppy>
    <div>
      <span>{{puppy.name}}</span>
      <span>{{puppy.age}}</span>
      <span>{{puppy.color}}</span>
    </div>
  </ng-template>
</puppies-list>
`
})

效果还是一样的:

如果我们只要显示小狗狗的name和color,只要这样写就好了:

//app.component.ts
@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: `
<puppies-list [puppies]="puppies">
  <ng-template let-puppy>
    <div>
      <span>{{puppy.name}}</span>
      <span>{{puppy.color}}</span>
    </div>
  </ng-template>
</puppies-list>
`
})

效果就像这样:

这样的组件很灵活,想要什么样的效果都可以定制,这就实现了组件的复用。
好了,本文就到此为止了。不当之处,欢迎指出!

posted @ 2018-03-03 10:11  无er不乐  阅读(1753)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报