[独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(七)数据库常用对象之Cursor
本系列链接导航:
[独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(四)SQL语句之DML和DDL
[独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(五)数据库常用对象之Table、View
[独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(六)数据库常用对象之Procedure、function、Sequence
[独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(七)数据库常用对象之Cursor
[独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(八)常见Exception
[独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(九)数据库常用对象之package
[独孤九剑]Oracle知识点梳理(十)%type与%rowtype及常用函数
5.6、cursor操作
游标的使用场景大致有:
a) 显示游标:function或procedure中,用于获取某些值进行遍历操作
b) 动态游标:procedure中,用于返回查询结果
5.6.1、显示游标:在代码段、function、procdeure中创建cursor,用于取值
- 隐式游标
1 declare 2 cursor myCursor is 3 select name from person; 4 vNames varchar2(128); 5 begin 6 --遍历游标 7 for c in myCursor loop --隐式打开、关闭游标 8 vNames:=vNames||','||c; -- 可以包含复杂逻辑 9 end loop; 10 end;
- 显示游标
1 declare 2 cursor myCursor is --定义游标 3 select * from person; 4 my_c myCursor%rowtype --定义游标变量 5 begin 6 open myCursor; 7 loop 8 fetch myCursor into my_c; 9 exit when c%notfound; 10 /*code here*/ --编写复杂逻辑 11 end loop; 12 13 Exception 14 when others then 15 close myCursor; 16 17 18 if myCursor%isopen then 19 close myCursor; 20 end;
上面写的两个列子比较简单,下面是网上摘抄显示游标例子,很详细:
对于显式游标的运用分为四个步骤:
- 定义游标---Cursor [Cursor Name] IS;
- 打开游标---Open [Cursor Name];
- 操作数据---Fetch [Cursor name]
- 关闭游标---Close [Cursor Name],这个Step绝对不可以遗漏。
以下是三种常见显式Cursor用法。
1)Set serveroutput on;
1 declare 2 ---define Cursor 3 Cursor cur_policy is 4 select cm.policy_code, cm.applicant_id, cm.period_prem,cm.bank_code,cm.bank_account 5 from t_contract_master cm 6 where cm.liability_state = 2 7 and cm.policy_type = 1 8 and cm.policy_cate in ('2','3','4') 9 and rownum < 5 10 order by cm.policy_code desc; 11 curPolicyInfo cur_policy%rowtype;---定义游标变量 12 Begin 13 open cur_policy; ---open cursor 14 Loop 15 --deal with extraction data from DB 16 Fetch cur_policy into curPolicyInfo; 17 Exit when cur_policy%notfound; 18 19 Dbms_Output.put_line(curPolicyInfo.policy_code); 20 end loop; 21 Exception 22 when others then 23 close cur_policy; 24 Dbms_Output.put_line(Sqlerrm); 25 26 if cur_policy%isopen then 27 --close cursor 28 close cur_policy; 29 end if; 30 end; 31 32 /
2) Set serveroutput on;
1 declare 2 Cursor cur_policy is 3 select cm.policy_code, cm.applicant_id, cm.period_prem,cm.bank_code,cm.bank_account 4 from t_contract_master cm 5 where cm.liability_state = 2 6 and cm.policy_type = 1 7 and cm.policy_cate in ('2','3','4') 8 and rownum < 5 9 order by cm.policy_code desc; 10 v_policyCode t_contract_master.policy_code%type; 11 v_applicantId t_contract_master.applicant_id%type; 12 v_periodPrem t_contract_master.period_prem%type; 13 v_bankCode t_contract_master.bank_code%type; 14 v_bankAccount t_contract_master.bank_account%type; 15 Begin 16 open cur_policy; 17 Loop 18 Fetch cur_policy into v_policyCode, 19 v_applicantId, 20 v_periodPrem, 21 v_bankCode, 22 v_bankAccount; 23 Exit when cur_policy%notfound; 24 25 Dbms_Output.put_line(v_policyCode); 26 end loop; 27 Exception 28 when others then 29 close cur_policy; 30 Dbms_Output.put_line(Sqlerrm); 31 32 if cur_policy%isopen then 33 close cur_policy; 34 end if; 35 end; 36 /
3)Set serveroutput on;
1 declare 2 Cursor cur_policy is 3 select cm.policy_code, cm.applicant_id, cm.period_prem,cm.bank_code,cm.bank_account 4 from t_contract_master cm 5 where cm.liability_state = 2 6 and cm.policy_type = 1 7 and cm.policy_cate in ('2','3','4') 8 and rownum < 5 9 order by cm.policy_code desc; 10 Begin 11 For rec_Policy in cur_policy loop 12 Dbms_Output.put_line(rec_policy.policy_code); 13 end loop; 14 Exception 15 when others then 16 Dbms_Output.put_line(Sqlerrm); 17 18 end; 19 20 /
5.6.2、动态游标:在procdeure中使用cursor,用于返回查询结果
与隐式Cursor,显式Cursor的区别:
- Ref Cursor是可以通过在运行期间传递参数来获取数据结果集。
- 而另外两种Cursor(隐式游标和显示游标),是静态的,在编译期间就决定数据结果集。
5.6.2.1、定义动态游标
1 Declare 2 ---define cursor type name 3 type cur_type is ref cursor; 4 cur_policy cur_type; 5 sqlStr varchar2(500); 6 rec_policy t_contract_master%rowtype; 7 begin 8 ---define 动态Sql 9 sqlStr := 'select cm.policy_code, cm.applicant_id, cm.period_prem,cm.bank_code,
cm.bank_account from t_contract_master cm 10 where cm.liability_state = 2 11 and cm.policy_type = 1 12 and cm.policy_cate in (2,3,4) 13 and rownum < 5 14 order by cm.policy_code desc '; 15 ---Open Cursor 16 open cur_policy for sqlStr; 17 loop 18 fetch cur_policy into rec_policy.policy_code, rec_policy.applicant_id, rec_policy.period_prem,
rec_policy.bank_code,rec_policy.bank_account; 19 exit when cur_policy%notfound; 20 21 Dbms_Output.put_line('Policy_code:'||rec_policy.policy_code); 22 23 end loop; 24 close cur_policy; 25 26 end; 27 /
另外,在定义package时,可以在包头中定义动态游标类型,在包体中使用,如在procedure中用于定义返回参数类型。详见package的操作。