Python脚本生成sitemap
项目须要用脚本生成sitemap,中间学习了一下sitemap的格式和lxml库的使用方法。把结果记录一下,方便以后须要直接拿来用。
来自Python脚本生成sitemap
安装lxml
首先须要pip install lxml
安装lxml库。
假设你在ubuntu上遇到了下面错误:
#include "libxml/xmlversion.h"
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Removing temporary dir /tmp/pip_build_root...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-O4cIn6-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/lxml
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1435, in install
requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 706, in install
cwd=self.source_dir, filter_stdout=self._filter_install, show_stdout=False)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/util.py", line 697, in call_subprocess
% (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-O4cIn6-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/lxml
请安装下面依赖:
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev
Python代码
下面是生成sitemap和sitemapindex索引的代码。能够依照需求传入须要的參数。或者添加字段:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import io import re from lxml import etree def generate_xml(filename, url_list): """Generate a new xml file use url_list""" root = etree.Element('urlset', xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9") for each in url_list: url = etree.Element('url') loc = etree.Element('loc') loc.text = each url.append(loc) root.append(url) header = u'<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
>\n' s = etree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', pretty_print=True) with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(unicode(header+s)) def update_xml(filename, url_list): """Add new url_list to origin xml file.""" f = open(filename, 'r') lines = [i.strip() for i in f.readlines()] f.close() old_url_list = [] for each_line in lines: d = re.findall('<loc>(http:\/\/.+)<\/loc>', each_line) old_url_list += d url_list += old_url_list generate_xml(filename, url_list) def generatr_xml_index(filename, sitemap_list, lastmod_list): """Generate sitemap index xml file.""" root = etree.Element('sitemapindex', xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9") for each_sitemap, each_lastmod in zip(sitemap_list, lastmod_list): sitemap = etree.Element('sitemap') loc = etree.Element('loc') loc.text = each_sitemap lastmod = etree.Element('lastmod') lastmod.text = each_lastmod sitemap.append(loc) sitemap.append(lastmod) root.append(sitemap) header = u'<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
>\n' s = etree.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', pretty_print=True) with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(unicode(header+s)) if __name__ == '__main__': urls = ['http://www.baidu.com'] * 10 mods = ['2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00'] * 10 generatr_xml_index('index.xml', urls, mods)
效果
生成的效果应该是这样的格式:
sitemap格式:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
<url>
<loc>http://www.example.com/foo.html</loc>
</url>
</urlset>
sitemapindex格式:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
>
<sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
<sitemap>
<loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap1.xml.gz</loc>
<lastmod>2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00</lastmod>
</sitemap>
<sitemap>
<loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap2.xml.gz</loc>
<lastmod>2005-01-01</lastmod>
</sitemap>
</sitemapindex>
lastmod时间格式的问题
格式是用ISO 8601的标准,假设是linux/unix系统,能够使用下面函数获取
def get_lastmod_time(filename):
time_stamp = os.path.getmtime(filename)
t = time.localtime(time_stamp)
return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S+08:00', t)
Ref:
创建站点地图
sitemap
lxml
谷歌(Google)站点地图的XML文档格式说明
Google Sitemap文件格式