rest_framework - 视图
准备models表结构
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.IntegerField() pub_date = models.DateField() publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish") authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author") def __str__(self): return self.title class Publish(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() def __str__(self): return self.name class User(models.Model): user = models.CharField(max_length=32) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, "普通用户"), (2, "VIP"), (3, "sVIP")), default=1) class UserToken(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(to="user") token = models.CharField(max_length=128)
APIView的查询所有、添加
---url.py
url(r"books/(\d+)/$",views.BookView.as_view()),
视图部分
class BookView(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): book_list = Book.objects.all() # 一定要加“context={'request': request}”，不然会报错 bs = BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): # 一定要加“context={'request': request}”，不然会报错 bs = BookSerializers(data=request.data,context={'request': request}) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors)
查询单个数据、修改、删除
---url.py
url(r"bookdetail/$",views.BookViewDetail.as_view()),
视图部分
class BookViewDetail(APIView): #查看一本书 def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs): obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() if obj: bs=BookSerializers(obj,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) else: return Response() # 删除一本书 def delete(self,request,pk,*args,**kwargs): Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() return Response() # 编辑一本书 def put(self,request,pk,*args,**kwargs): # obj :编辑书籍对象 obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs = BookSerializers(data=request.data,instance=obj,context={'request': request}) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors)
查看单个数据：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/bookdetail/1/ (get方式)
修改单个数据：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/bookdetail/1/ (put方式) + json数据
删除单个数据
http://127.0.0.1:8000/bookdetail/1/ (gdelete方式)
省略测试图片...
基于Mixin编写视图
url.py
url(r"books/$",views.BookView.as_view()), url(r"bookdetail/(?P<pk>\d+)/$",views.BookViewDetail.as_view()),
视图部分
# 序列化组件
from api.service.serializers import BookSerializers,PublishSerializers
# mixins：对数据进行查询，增加、修改、删除的基本构建模块 from rest_framework import mixins # ListModelMixin，CreateModelMixin，UpdateModelMixin，DestroyModelMixin
# generics：通常 需要的行为 的通用视图。 from rest_framework import generics # Mixin+APIView：(ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView)
class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, # 展示视图，基类为object mixins.CreateModelMixin, # 增加视图 generics.GenericAPIView # 基于APIView的通用视图 ): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers # 返回ListModelMixin类中的list方法 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) # 返回CreateModelMixin类中的create方法 def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class BookDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView ): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.delete(request, *args, **kwargs) class PublishViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView ): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializers def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class PublishDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView ): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializers def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.delete(request, *args, **kwargs)
优化以上代码：
--- api.serializers.py
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField( view_name="book_detail", # 是urls.py中的name的值 lookup_field="publish_id", # 在页面展示时的格式 lookup_url_kwarg="pk" # url中的分组名 ) class Meta: model = Book fields = "__all__" class PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Publish fields = "__all__"
视图部分
# 封装了大多数 需要行为的 通用视图：源码中有介绍
from rest_framework improt generics class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers class BookDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers class PublishView(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializers class PublishDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializers
viewsrts.Model.ModelViewSet
--- url.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from api import views # from rest_framework import genericAPIView.as_view urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})), # as_view中的参数(字典)，执行的是genericAPIView.as_view中的initkwargs(同级继承/查找，非父类继承) url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})), url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve','put': 'update','patch': 'partial_update','delete': 'destroy'}), name="book_detail"), url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve','put': 'update','patch': 'partial_update','delete': 'destroy'}), name="book_detail"), ]
视图部分
# 这一部分被移到了 api.service.serializers文件中了(序列化组件) from rest_framework import serializers from ..models import * # --- Book表的序列化组件start --- # class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField( view_name="book_detail", # 是urls.py中的name的值 lookup_field="publish_id", # 在页面展示时的格式 lookup_url_kwarg="pk" ) class Meta: model = Book fields = "__all__" # Publish表的序列化组件 class PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Publish fields = "__all__" # --- Book表的序列化组件stop --- # --- 视图部分 from rest_framework import viewsets # 重写as_view方法，它执行一个"actions"关键字HTTP方法与资源上的操作的绑定。 class BookView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers class BookDetailView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers class PublishView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializers class PublishDetailView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializers
