[Windows Forms] : BindingSource使用模式 - Data Binding基础知识 (一)

 

前言 :

在文章「[.NET] : BindingSource使用模式 - 连动式下拉选单 (纯IDE开发)」。

 

介绍了如何单纯使用Visual Studio的IDE来开发连动式下拉选单。
用IDE开发的模式,可以快速建立项目所需的用户接口。
但是当我们需要对细节有更高的掌控时,这开发模式会越来越不敷使用。
这时就需要改用程序代码开发的模式,来做 Data Binding的开发设计。

 

本篇文章简略介绍,几个设计开发 Data Binding用到的对象。
让软件开发人员在设计 Data Binding相关程序代码时,能对对象运作模式有基础的理解。

 

INotifyPropertyChanged :

INotifyPropertyChanged就只有定义一个事件「PropertyChanged」。
实作INotifyPropertyChanged的对象,会在属性值变更的时候引发 PropertyChanged事件。

 

相关资料 : INotifyPropertyChanged 界面

 

PropertyDescriptor :

PropertyDescriptor主要的功能,是将类别(Class)的属性(Property)做封装。

 

例如说有一个类别,我们要条列它所开放(Public)的属性。
这时候可以透过 System.ComponentModel.TypeDescriptor.GetProperties,来取得这个类别的 PropertyDescriptor对象集合。
这个 PropertyDescriptor对象集合里的每个PropertyDescriptor对象,就是该类别所有开放属性的封装。

 

开发人员可以透过 PropertyDescriptor对象,来取得该属性的相关信息。

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using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
 
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class County
    {
        // Properties
        public int CountyID { get; private set; }
 
        public string CountyName { get; set; }
 
        public string CountyDescription { get; set; }
 
 
        // Constructor
        public County(int countyID)
        {
            this.CountyID = countyID;
            this.CountyName = string.Empty;
            this.CountyDescription = string.Empty;
        }
    }
     
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            foreach (PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(County)))
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Name={0}; IsReadOnly={1};", propertyDescriptor.Name, propertyDescriptor.IsReadOnly));
            }
 
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

image

 

另外开发人员也可以透过 PropertyDescriptor对象的GetValue方法,来取得该属性的对象实例的值。

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using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
 
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class County
    {
        // Properties
        public int CountyID { get; private set; }
 
        public string CountyName { get; set; }
 
        public string CountyDescription { get; set; }
 
 
        // Constructor
        public County(int countyID)
        {
            this.CountyID = countyID;
            this.CountyName = string.Empty;
            this.CountyDescription = string.Empty;
        }
    }
     
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            County county = new County(1);
            county.CountyName = "台北市";
            county.CountyDescription = "买不起";
 
            foreach (PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(County)))
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Name={0}; Value={1};", propertyDescriptor.Name, propertyDescriptor.GetValue(county)));
            }
 
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

image

 

当然开发人员也可以透过 PropertyDescriptor物件的SetValue方法,来设定该属性的对象实例的值。

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using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
 
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class County
    {
        // Properties
        public int CountyID { get; private set; }
 
        public string CountyName { get; set; }
 
        public string CountyDescription { get; set; }
 
 
        // Constructor
        public County(int countyID)
        {
            this.CountyID = countyID;
            this.CountyName = string.Empty;
            this.CountyDescription = string.Empty;
        }
    }
 
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            County county = new County(1);
            county.CountyName = "台北市";
            county.CountyDescription = "买不起";
 
            // GetPropertyDescriptor
            PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(County))["CountyDescription"];
 
            // SetValue
            propertyDescriptor.SetValue(county, "有天买得起");
 
            // Result
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Value={0};", county.CountyDescription));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

image

 

PropertyDescriptor对象也实做了,属性的值变更时通知的功能。
开发人员可以透过 AddValueChanged,将属性的值变更时要执行的委派加入。

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using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
 
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class County
    {
        // Properties
        public int CountyID { get; private set; }
 
        public string CountyName { get; set; }
 
        public string CountyDescription { get; set; }
 
 
        // Constructor
        public County(int countyID)
        {
            this.CountyID = countyID;
            this.CountyName = string.Empty;
            this.CountyDescription = string.Empty;
        }
    }
 
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            County county = new County(1);
            county.CountyName = "台北市";
            county.CountyDescription = "买不起";
 
            // GetPropertyDescriptor
            PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(County))["CountyDescription"];
 
            // AddValueChanged
            EventHandler valueChangedDelegate = delegate(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("ValueChanged Value={0};", ((County)sender).CountyDescription));
            };
            propertyDescriptor.AddValueChanged(county, valueChangedDelegate);
 
            // SetValue
            propertyDescriptor.SetValue(county, "有天买得起");
 
            // Result
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Value={0};", county.CountyDescription));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

image

 

另外需要值得一提的是,如果类别实做了INotifyPropertyChanged接口。
当程序引发了INotifyPropertyChanged.PropertyChanged事件时,透过 AddValueChanged加入的委派也将会被执行。

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using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
 
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class County : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        // Properties
        private int _countyID = int.MinValue;
 
        private string _countyName = string.Empty;
 
        private string _countyDescription = string.Empty;
 
 
        // Constructor
        public County(int countyID)
        {
            _countyID = countyID;
            _countyName = string.Empty;
            _countyDescription = string.Empty;
        }
 
 
        // Properties
        public int CountyID
        {
            get
            {
                return _countyID;
            }
            set
            {
                if (_countyID != value)
                {
                    _countyID = value;
                    this.OnNotifyPropertyChanged("CountyID");
                }
            }
        }
 
        public string CountyName
        {
            get
            {
                return _countyName;
            }
            set
            {
                if (_countyName != value)
                {
                    _countyName = value;
                    this.OnNotifyPropertyChanged("CountyName");
                }
            }
        }
 
        public string CountyDescription
        {
            get
            {
                return _countyDescription;
            }
            set
            {
                if (_countyDescription != value)
                {
                    _countyDescription = value;
                    this.OnNotifyPropertyChanged("CountyDescription");
                }
            }
        }
 
 
        // Event
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
        protected void OnNotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            #region Require
 
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(propertyName) == true) throw new ArgumentNullException();
 
            #endregion
            if (this.PropertyChanged != null)
            {
                this.PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
            }
        }
    }
 
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            County county = new County(1);
            county.CountyName = "台北市";
            county.CountyDescription = "买不起";
 
            // GetPropertyDescriptor
            PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(County))["CountyDescription"];
 
            // AddValueChanged
            EventHandler valueChangedDelegate = delegate(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("ValueChanged Value={0};", ((County)sender).CountyDescription));
            };
            propertyDescriptor.AddValueChanged(county, valueChangedDelegate);
 
            // SetValue
            county.CountyDescription = "有天买得起";
 
            // Result
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Value={0};", county.CountyDescription));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

image

 

相关资料 : PropertyDescriptor 类别TypeDescriptor 类别

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