Angular 2 + 折腾记 ：(7) 初步了解表单：模板驱动及数据驱动及脱坑要点
前言
表单在整个系统中的作用相当重要，这里主要扯下响应表单的实现方式。
首先须要操作表单的模块引入这两个模块。
import { FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
表单控件响应的几种状态
模板驱动表单依赖FormsModule,数据驱动的表单依赖FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule
一般做表单校验及操作推荐用数据驱动的方式，好维护和理解。。
模板驱动
模板驱动：主要是依赖[(ngModel)]和#scope_var以及原生表单控件属性(require,minlenght,maxlength等)来操作表单的那的值亦或者校验
- 一个最简单的样例
<!--#UserName 是局部变量，若是有ngmodel,拿到的就是一个响应对象。若是非ngmodel绑定的，则是dom元素代码-->
<!--testform这个局部变量保存了表单的全部相关信息-->
<!--ngSubmit是用来触发表单提交的-->
<!--ngModel相应变量的值-->
<!--$event是原生dom对象-->
<form #testform="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="Submit(testform.value,testform.valid)">
<label for="username">Name</label>
<input type="text" id="username" #UserName="username" class="form-control"
required minlength="4" maxlength="24"
name="username" [(ngModel)]="username" [ngModelChange]="validate($event)">
<div *ngIf="UserName.valid || (UserName.pristine && !testform.submitted)">
您输入的值有误，请又一次输入
</div>
<button type="submit" >提交</button>
</form>
有两种方式处理来对上面的表单做校验；
- 在
Submit()函数内，在点击提交的时候对整个表单一一去推断，传统方式基本这样 - 每一个控件输入的时候相应去触发相应的事件做校验,比方
[ngModelChange]来处理双向绑定的值校验
数据驱动(Reactive Form)
响应式表表单：原理是一開始就构建整个表单，表单的值通过特殊指令formControlName一一关联(相似ngModel);
相关名词：
- FormGroup: 用来追踪表单控件有效状态及值 =》 能够理解为获取且能够操作整个表单的数据
- FormBuilder:表单数据构建工具[构建初始表单]，简化构建代码(包含了new FormGroup(),new FormControl(),new FormArray()),FormGroup()内置多种校验方式
- formControlName: 同步与FormGroup构建表单内同样字段的值！
项目中的案例
- html
<div [@flyIn]="true">
<div class="beautify-form" *ngIf="!showLoading">
<div class="page-header">
欢迎登录
</div>
<form [formGroup]="form" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit(form)">
<div class="form-group" [ngClass]="{ 'has-danger': form.controls.UserName.invalid && form.controls.UserName.value ,'has-success': form.controls.UserName.valid && form.controls.UserName.value }">
<div class="input-group input-group-lg">
<span class="input-group-addon fpd fpd-ordinarylogin1"></span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" formControlName="UserName" placeholder="手机号码 \ 邮箱 ">
</div>
<div class="form-control-feedback" *ngIf="(form.controls.UserName.dirty || form.controls.UserName.pristine) && form.controls.UserName.invalid && form.controls.UserName.value">账号不符合规范</div>
<div class="form-control-feedback" *ngIf="(form.controls.UserName.dirty || form.controls.UserName.pristine) && form.controls.UserName.valid && form.controls.UserName.value">账号符合规范</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group" [ngClass]="{ 'has-danger': form.controls.PassWord.invalid && form.controls.PassWord.value ,'has-success': form.controls.PassWord.valid && form.controls.PassWord.value }">
<div class="input-group input-group-lg">
<span class="input-group-addon fpd fpd-mima"></span>
<input type="PassWord" class="form-control" formControlName="PassWord" placeholder="请输入password">
</div>
<div class="form-control-feedback" *ngIf="(form.controls.PassWord.dirty || form.controls.PassWord.pristine) && form.controls.PassWord.invalid && form.controls.PassWord.value ">password不符合规范,请又一次输入</div>
<div class="form-control-feedback" *ngIf="(form.controls.PassWord.dirty || form.controls.PassWord.pristine) && form.controls.PassWord.valid && form.controls.PassWord.value ">password符合规范</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group ">
<div class="flex">
<div class="beautify-wrap flex-wrap">
<input type="checkbox" class="beautify-checkbox" name="rememberme" id="rememberAccount" formControlName="rememberAccount">
<label for="rememberAccount"></label>记住账号
</div>
<!--<a [routerLink]="['/account/reset-pw']">忘记password</a>-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="message-tips" *ngIf="messageTips">
<i class="fpd fpd-error"></i> {{messageTips}}
</div>
<div class="form-group ">
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-outline-success btn-block" type="submit" [disabled]="form.invalid">登录</button>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<span class="noaccount-notify">没有账号？点击</span><a [routerLink]="['/account/collect']" class="collect-user">用户登记</a>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="loading" *ngIf="showLoading">
<app-mit-loading [option]="'load4'"></app-mit-loading>
</div>
</div>
- component.ts
import { Component, OnInit, OnDestroy } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, Validators, FormBuilder } from '@angular/forms'; // 引入表单的一些特性
import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { AccountService } from '../../services/account.service';
import { environment } from '../../../../../environments/environment';
import { flyIn } from '../../../../animation/flyIn';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
@Component({
selector: 'app-login',
templateUrl: './login.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./login.component.scss'],
animations: [flyIn]
})
export class LoginComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
public form: FormGroup; // 表单对象
public showLoading = false;
public messageTips: string;
public login_subscribe: any;
// Validators的写法注意事项
// v2.x版本号这种写法是可行的。v4有调整，不然不会生效
// 'UserName':'', [ Validators.compose([Validators.minLength(6)]
// v4+ , 第一位的''代表这个元素初始化构建为空值,相似未输入状态
// 'UserName': ['', Validators.compose([Validators.minLength(6)]
// Validators可选參数
// 1. required ：必须验证的。返回布尔值
// 2. minLength ： 最小长度
// 3. maxLenght: 最大长度
// 4. nullValidator : 空值推断
// 5. coompose :多重推断组合。以下有写法
// 6. pattern是支持正则模式，正则谨记转义转义转义
constructor(private fb: FormBuilder, private router: Router, private account: AccountService) {
this.form = fb.group({
'UserName': ['', Validators.compose([Validators.minLength(6) || Validators.pattern('(0|86|17951)?(-)?1[3,4,5,7,8,9]\\d{9}') || Validators.pattern('[\\.a-zA-Z0-9_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)+')])],
'PassWord': ['', Validators.compose([Validators.required, Validators.pattern('\\w{8,16}')])],
'rememberAccount': ['']
});
}
ngOnInit() {
}
// 登录事件
onSubmit(e) {
this.showLoading = true;
this.login_subscribe = this.account.login(e.value).subscribe((res) => {
console.log('省略。。
。。。。')
}, (err) => {
this.showLoading = false;
});
}
ngOnDestroy() {
if (this.login_subscribe) {
this.login_subscribe.unsubscribe();
}
}
}
效果图
嵌套表单
有些时候我们接口数据层次不可能唯独一层，出现两层三层都有可能；
这时候须要我们构建一个嵌套表单。。。
- html
v2-的写法：表单的取值能够用controls直接点出来
<div class="custom-card">
<div class="custom-card-body">
<form [formGroup]="form" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit(form.value)">
<div class="row" formGroupName="RuleContent">
<div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-2">
<div class="form-group row" [ngClass]="{ 'has-danger': form.controls.RuleContent.controls.FenceName.invalid && form.controls.RuleContent.controls.FenceName.value ,'has-success': form.controls.RuleContent.controls.FenceName.valid && form.controls.RuleContent.controls.FenceName.value }">
<label tooltip="" class="col-sm-10 col-md-3 form-control-label col-lg-3 star">速度栅栏名称</label>
<div class="col-sm-8 col-md-6 col-lg-6">
<input type="text" class="form-control" formControlName="FenceName" placeholder="栅栏名称">
</div>
<div class="col-2 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 flex-align-center">
不超过十个字
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row" [ngClass]="{ 'has-danger': form.controls.RuleContent.controls.MaxSpeed.invalid && form.controls.RuleContent.controls.MaxSpeed.value ,'has-success': form.controls.RuleContent.controls.MaxSpeed.valid && form.controls.RuleContent.controls.MaxSpeed.value }">
<label tooltip="" class="col-sm-10 col-md-3 form-control-label col-lg-3 star">速度阈值</label>
<div class="col-sm-8 col-md-6 col-lg-6">
<input type="number" class="form-control" min="1" formControlName="MaxSpeed" placeholder="整数">
</div>
<div class="col-2 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 flex-align-center">
km/h
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row">
<div class="col-12 col-sm-10 col-md-6 offset-sm-2 offset-md-4 offset-lg-3">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" [disabled]="form.invalid">保存</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" (click)="back()">取消</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
v4+的写法 :嵌套表单的取值必须用.get()来获取，不然会报错误。详细原因是api修改了，看下官方文档就知道，修改了挺多(不只这块)
<div class="custom-card">
<div class="custom-card-body">
<form [formGroup]="form" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit(form.value)">
<div class="row" formGroupName="RuleContent">
<div class="col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-2">
<div class="form-group row" [ngClass]="{ 'has-danger': form.get('RuleContent.FenceName').invalid && form.get('RuleContent.FenceName').value ,'has-success': form.get('RuleContent.FenceName').valid && form.get('RuleContent.FenceName').value }">
<label tooltip="" class="col-sm-10 col-md-3 form-control-label col-lg-3 star">速度栅栏名称</label>
<div class="col-sm-8 col-md-6 col-lg-6">
<input type="text" class="form-control" formControlName="FenceName" placeholder="栅栏名称">
</div>
<div class="col-2 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 flex-align-center">
不超过十个字
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row" [ngClass]="{ 'has-danger': form.get('RuleContent.MaxSpeed').invalid && form.get('RuleContent.MaxSpeed').value ,'has-success': form.get('RuleContent.MaxSpeed').valid && form.get('RuleContent.MaxSpeed').value }">
<label tooltip="" class="col-sm-10 col-md-3 form-control-label col-lg-3 star">速度阈值</label>
<div class="col-sm-8 col-md-6 col-lg-6">
<input type="number" class="form-control" min="1" formControlName="MaxSpeed" placeholder="整数">
</div>
<div class="col-2 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 flex-align-center">
km/h
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row">
<div class="col-12 col-sm-10 col-md-6 offset-sm-2 offset-md-4 offset-lg-3">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" [disabled]="form.invalid">保存</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" (click)="back()">取消</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
- components.ts
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Router, ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router';
import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators, FormBuilder } from '@angular/forms'; // 引入表单的一些特性
// 动画
import { fadeIn } from '../../../../../animation/fadeIn';
// 服务
import { SpeedFenceService } from '../speed-fence.service';
import { EventsService } from '../../../../../services/events-service.service';
@Component({
selector: 'app-modify',
templateUrl: './modify.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./modify.component.scss'],
animations: [fadeIn]
})
export class ModifyComponent implements OnInit {
public form: FormGroup;
public getId: any;
public id: number;
constructor(
private speedFenceService: SpeedFenceService,
private eventsService: EventsService,
private router: Router,
private activatedRoute: ActivatedRoute,
private fb: FormBuilder
) {
this.form = fb.group({
'ID': 0,
'RuleContent': this.fb.group({
'MaxSpeed': [0, Validators.compose([Validators.required, Validators.pattern('(([4-9][0-9])|(1[0-1][0-9])|(120))')])],
'FenceName': ['', Validators.compose([Validators.required, Validators.minLength(2), Validators.maxLength(10)])],
})
});
}
ngOnInit() {
this.checkAction();
// console.log(this.form);
}
// 获取ID
checkAction() {
this.activatedRoute.params.subscribe((params: { id: string }) => {
console.log(params);
if (params.id) {
console.log(this.id);
this.id = parseInt(params.id, 10);
this.form.controls['ID'].setValue(this.id);
this.GetSpeedFenceSettingByFenceId({ FenceId: parseInt(params.id, 10) });
}
});
}
GetSpeedFenceSettingByFenceId(data) {
this.speedFenceService.GetSpeedFenceSettingByFenceId(data).subscribe(
res => {
if (res.State) {
this.form.controls['RuleContent'].setValue({
'MaxSpeed': res.Data.RuleContent.MaxSpeed || '',
'FenceName': res.Data.RuleContent.FenceName || '',
});
}
},
err => { }
);
}
onSubmit(form) {
console.log('此处省略。。。。。');
}
// 取消
back() {
if (this.id) {
this.router.navigate(['../../'], { relativeTo: this.activatedRoute });
} else {
this.router.navigate(['../'], { relativeTo: this.activatedRoute });
}
}
}
总结
多看手冊多动手,才是真理。。
有不足之处或者错误之处请留言指出，会及时跟进修正。。
谢谢
