Android Fragment实现button间的切换
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/a123demi/article/details/32693037
Fragment要点
Fragment是activity的界面中的一部分或一种行为。
你能够把多个Fragment们组合到一个activity中来创建一个多面界面而且你能够在多个activity中重用一个Fragment。你能够把Fragment觉得模块化的一段activity。它具有自己的生命周期,接收它自己的事件。并能够在activity执行时被加入或删除。
Fragment不能独立存在,它必须嵌入到activity中,并且Fragment的生命周期直接受所在的activity的影响。比如:当activity暂停时,它拥有的全部的Fragment们都暂停了,当activity销毁时,它拥有的全部Fragment们都被销毁。
然而,当activity运行时(在onResume()之后。onPause()之前),你能够单独地操作每一个Fragment,比方加入或删除或替代(add(),remove(),replace())它们。当你在运行上述针对Fragment的事务时。你能够将事务加入到一个棧中。这个栈被activity管理,栈中的每一条都是一个Fragment的一次事务。
有了这个栈,就能够反向运行Fragment的事务,这样就能够在Fragment级支持“返回”键(向后导航)。
而本文简介主要通过点击不同button实现切换相应的fragment的效果。类似用Tab的切换:
主要代码例如以下:
1.project源码显示:
2.编译后效果图
3.切换button布局:activity_bottom_bts.xml切换的button显示在底部
-
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?
xmlversionxmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayoutxmlns:androidLinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="horizontal">
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/movie_btn"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="@string/movie"/>
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/tv_btn"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="@string/tv"/>
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/anime_btn"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="@string/anime"/>
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/variety_btn"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="@string/variety" />
- </LinearLayout></span></span>
4.主界面activity_main.xml
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><RelativeLayoutxmlns:androidRelativeLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
- android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
- tools:context="com.example.switchfragmentdemo.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment">
- <LinearLayout
- android:id="@+id/button_view_include"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
- >
- <includelayoutincludelayout="@layout/activity_bottom_btns" />
- </LinearLayout>
- <FrameLayout
- android:id="@+id/fragment_content"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
- android:layout_marginBottom="50dp"
- android:layout_below="@id/button_view_include"
- >
- </FrameLayout>
- </RelativeLayout></span></span>
5.strings.xml
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversionxmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <stringnamestringname="app_name">SwitchFragmentDemo</string>
- <stringnamestringname="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
- <stringnamestringname="action_settings">Settings</string>
- <string name="movie">电影</string>
- <string name="tv">电视剧</string>
- <string name="anime">动漫</string>
- <string name="variety">综艺</string>
- <stringnamestringname="movie_view">这是一个电影界面</string>
- <string name="tv_view">这是一个电视剧界面</string>
- <stringnamestringname="anime_view">这是一个动漫界面</string>
- <stringnamestringname="variety_view">这是一个综艺界面</string>
- </resources></span></span>
6.主界面实现代码:MainActivity.java
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo;
- importjava.util.ArrayList;
- importjava.util.List;
- importandroid.annotation.SuppressLint;
- importandroid.app.Activity;
- importandroid.app.FragmentManager;
- importandroid.app.FragmentTransaction;
- importandroid.graphics.Color;
- importandroid.os.Bundle;
- importandroid.view.Menu;
- importandroid.view.MenuItem;
- importandroid.view.View;
- importandroid.view.View.OnClickListener;
- importandroid.widget.Button;
- @SuppressLint("NewApi")
- public classMainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
- private Button movieBtn, tvBtn,animeBtn, varietyBtn;
- private List<Button> btnList = newArrayList<Button>();
- private FragmentManager fm;
- private FragmentTransaction ft;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- findById();
- // 進入系統默認為movie
- fm = getFragmentManager();
- ft = fm.beginTransaction();
- setBackgroundColorById(R.id.movie_btn);
- ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new MovieFragment());
- ft.commit();
- }
- private void findById() {
- movieBtn = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.movie_btn);
- tvBtn = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.tv_btn);
- animeBtn = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.anime_btn);
- varietyBtn = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.variety_btn);
- movieBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
- tvBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
- animeBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
- varietyBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
- btnList.add(movieBtn);
- btnList.add(tvBtn);
- btnList.add(animeBtn);
- btnList.add(varietyBtn);
- }
- private void setBackgroundColorById(intbtnId) {
- for (Button btn : btnList) {
- if (btn.getId() == btnId){
- btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN);
- }else {
- btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE);
- }
- }
- }
- @Override
- public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menumenu) {
- // Inflate the menu; this addsitems to the action bar if it is present.
- getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main,menu);
- return true;
- }
- @Override
- public booleanonOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
- // Handle action bar item clickshere. The action bar will
- // automatically handle clicks onthe Home/Up button, so long
- // as you specify a parentactivity in AndroidManifest.xml.
- int id = item.getItemId();
- if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
- return true;
- }
- returnsuper.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // TODO Auto-generated methodstub
- fm = getFragmentManager();
- ft = fm.beginTransaction();
- switch (v.getId()) {
- case R.id.movie_btn:
- setBackgroundColorById(R.id.movie_btn);
- ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new MovieFragment());
- break;
- case R.id.tv_btn:
- setBackgroundColorById(R.id.tv_btn);
- ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new TVFragment());
- break;
- case R.id.anime_btn:
- setBackgroundColorById(R.id.anime_btn);
- ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new AnimeFragment());
- break;
- case R.id.variety_btn:
- setBackgroundColorById(R.id.variety_btn);
- ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new VarietyFragment());
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- // 不要忘记提交
- ft.commit();
- }
- }</span></span>
7.电影界面:fragment_movie.xml和MovieFragment.java
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayoutxmlns:androidLinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:background="#FF00FF"
- android:orientation="vertical" >
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/movie_tv"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/movie_view" />
- </LinearLayout></span></span>
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo;
- import android.app.Fragment;
- importandroid.os.Bundle;
- importandroid.view.LayoutInflater;
- importandroid.view.View;
- importandroid.view.ViewGroup;
- public classMovieFragment extends Fragment {
- <spanstyle="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
- Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_movie, null);
- }
- }</span></span>
8.电视剧界面:fragment_tv.xml和TVFragment.java
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversionxmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayoutxmlns:androidLinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:background="#00FFFF"
- android:orientation="vertical">
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_tv"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/tv_view"
- />
- </LinearLayout></span></span>
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo;
- importandroid.os.Bundle;
- importandroid.app.Fragment;
- importandroid.view.LayoutInflater;
- importandroid.view.View;
- importandroid.view.ViewGroup;
- public classTVFragment extends Fragment {
- <spanstyle="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
- Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_tv, null);
- }
- }</span></span>
9.动漫界面:fragment_anime和AnimeFragment.java
-
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversionxmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?
>
- <LinearLayoutxmlns:androidLinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:background="#00FF00"
- android:orientation="vertical">
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/anime_tv"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/anime_view"
- />
- </LinearLayout></span></span>
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo;
- importandroid.os.Bundle;
- importandroid.annotation.SuppressLint;
- importandroid.app.Fragment;
- importandroid.view.LayoutInflater;
- importandroid.view.View;
- importandroid.view.ViewGroup;
- @SuppressLint("NewApi")
- public classAnimeFragment extends Fragment {
- <spanstyle="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
- Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_anime, null);
- }
- }</span></span>
10.综艺界面:fragment_variety和VarietyFragment
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversionxmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayoutxmlns:androidLinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:background="#FFFF00"
- android:orientation="vertical">
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/variety_tv"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/variety_view"/>
- </LinearLayout></span></span>
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo;
- importandroid.os.Bundle;
- importandroid.app.Fragment;
- importandroid.view.LayoutInflater;
- importandroid.view.View;
- importandroid.view.ViewGroup;
- public classVarietyFragment extends Fragment {
- <spanstyle="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
- Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_variety, null);
- }
- }
- </span></span>
上面为代码的详细实现。