mysql -在终端操作数据库(不定时update)

--mysql 学习笔记
-- 关系型数据库

--一、 如何使用终端操作数据库

--1. 如何登陆数据库服务器
fudandandembp:~ futantan$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

--2. 如何查询数据库服务器中所有的数据库?

mysql> show databases;  --一定要有英文的分号
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

--添加database :
创建数据库,该命令的作用:
如果数据库不存在则创建,存在则不创建。
mysql> create database student;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) 

--3.如何选中某一个数据库进行操作
mysql> select * from admin;
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> 

mysql> use student;
Database changed
mysql> 

--如何在数据库中创建数据库;
create database test 
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> 

--如何查看数据哭中所有的数据哭;
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

--创建一个数据表;

create TABLE PET(
    name VARCHAR(20),
    owner VARCHAR(20),
    species VARCHAR(20),
    sex CHAR(1),
    birth DATE,
    death DATE);

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| PET            |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

--查看数据表的结构;
mysql> describe pet;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| owner   | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| species | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(1)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| death   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

再举一例:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table test1_tbl(
    -> test_id int not null auto_increment,
    -> test_title varchar(100) not null,
    -> test_author varchar(40) not null,
    -> submission_date DATE,
    -> primary key (test_id )
    -> )engine=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.23 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| test1_tbl      |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc test1_tbl
    -> ;
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field           | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| test_id         | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| test_title      | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| test_author     | varchar(40)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| submission_date | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-----------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

 


mysql
> --查看数据表中的记录; mysql> select * from pet; Empty set (0.01 sec) mysql> --如何在数据表中添加记录呢? INSERT INTO pet VALUES ('jianguo','xiaozhan','yingduan','f','2018-09-05',NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO pet -> VALUES ('jianguo','xiaozhan','yingduan','f','2018-09-05',NULL); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from pet; +---------+----------+----------+------+------------+-------+ | name | owner | species | sex | birth | death | +---------+----------+----------+------+------------+-------+ | jianguo | xiaozhan | yingduan | f | 2018-09-05 | NULL | +---------+----------+----------+------+------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> --再加一个; mysql> INSERT INTO pet -> VALUES ('wangcai','zhouxingchi','cat','m','2019-08-05',NULL); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from pet; +---------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+ | name | owner | species | sex | birth | death | +---------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+ | jianguo | xiaozhan | yingduan | f | 2018-09-05 | NULL | | wangcai | zhouxingchi | cat | m | 2019-08-05 | NULL | +---------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

INSERT 插入多条数据


INSERT INTO table_name  (field1, field2,...fieldN)  VALUES  (valueA1,valueA2,...valueAN),(valueB1,valueB2,...valueBN),(valueC1,valueC2,...valueCN)......;

mysql
> --mysql 常用类型有哪些; https://www.runoob.com/mysql/mysql-data-types.html MySQL中定义数据字段的类型对你数据库的优化是非常重要的。 MySQL支持多种类型,大致可以分为三类: 数值 日期/时间 字符串(字符)类型 类型 大小 范围(有符号) 范围(无符号) 用途 TINYINT 1 byte (-128127) (0255) 小整数值 SMALLINT 2 bytes (-32 76832 767) (065 535) 大整数值 MEDIUMINT 3 bytes (-8 388 6088 388 607) (016 777 215) 大整数值 INT或INTEGER 4 bytes (-2 147 483 6482 147 483 647) (04 294 967 295) 大整数值 BIGINT 8 bytes (-9,223,372,036,854,775,8089 223 372 036 854 775 807) (018 446 744 073 709 551 615) 极大整数值 FLOAT 4 bytes (-3.402 823 466 E+38-1.175 494 351 E-38),0,(1.175 494 351 E-383.402 823 466 351 E+38) 0,(1.175 494 351 E-383.402 823 466 E+38) 单精度 浮点数值 DOUBLE 8 bytes (-1.797 693 134 862 315 7 E+308-2.225 073 858 507 201 4 E-308),0,(2.225 073 858 507 201 4 E-3081.797 693 134 862 315 7 E+308) 0,(2.225 073 858 507 201 4 E-3081.797 693 134 862 315 7 E+308) 双精度 浮点数值 DECIMAL 对DECIMAL(M,D) ,如果M>D,为M+2否则为D+2 依赖于M和D的值 依赖于M和D的值 小数值

--举个例子:


mysql> create table testtype(
-> number TINYINT
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> show tables
-> exit;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'exit' at line 2
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| PET |
| testtype |
+----------------+
mysql> INSERT INTO testtype VALUE(127);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)


mysql> INSERT INTO testtype VALUE(128);
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'number' at row 1
mysql>


--日期 选择按照格式
日期和时间类型
表示时间值的日期和时间类型为DATETIME、DATE、TIMESTAMP、TIME和YEAR。
每个时间类型有一个有效值范围和一个"零"值,当指定不合法的MySQL不能表示的值时使用"零"值。
TIMESTAMP类型有专有的自动更新特性,将在后面描述。
类型 大小
( bytes) 范围 格式 用途
DATE 3 1000-01-01/9999-12-31 YYYY-MM-DD 日期值
TIME 3 '-838:59:59'/'838:59:59' HH:MM:SS 时间值或持续时间
YEAR 1 1901/2155 YYYY 年份值
DATETIME 8 1000-01-01 00:00:00/9999-12-31 23:59:59 YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS 混合日期和时间值
TIMESTAMP 4
1970-01-01 00:00:00/2038
结束时间是第 2147483647 秒,北京时间 2038-1-19 11:14:07,格林尼治时间 2038年1月19日 凌晨 03:14:07
YYYYMMDD HHMMSS 混合日期和时间值,时间戳



--数值和字符串按照大小
字符串类型指CHAR、VARCHAR、BINARY、VARBINARY、BLOB、TEXT、ENUM和SET。该节描述了这些类型如何工作以及如何在查询中使用这些类型。
类型 大小 用途
CHAR 0-255 bytes 定长字符串
VARCHAR 0-65535 bytes 变长字符串
TINYBLOB 0-255 bytes 不超过 255 个字符的二进制字符串
TINYTEXT 0-255 bytes 短文本字符串
BLOB 0-65 535 bytes 二进制形式的长文本数据
TEXT 0-65 535 bytes 长文本数据
MEDIUMBLOB 0-16 777 215 bytes 二进制形式的中等长度文本数据
MEDIUMTEXT 0-16 777 215 bytes 中等长度文本数据
LONGBLOB 0-4 294 967 295 bytes 二进制形式的极大文本数据
LONGTEXT 0-4 294 967 295 bytes 极大文本数据


--删除数据


mysql> select * from pet;
+----------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
| jianguo | xiaozhan | yingduan | f | 2018-09-05 | NULL |
| wangcai | zhouxingchi | cat | m | 2019-08-05 | NULL |
| xiaowang | wangyibo | dog | f | 2018-08-05 | NULL |
| xiaowang | wangyibo | dog | f | 2018-08-05 | NULL |
+----------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> delete from pet where name='xiaowang';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)


mysql> select * from pet;
+---------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+---------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
| jianguo | xiaozhan | yingduan | f | 2018-09-05 | NULL |
| wangcai | zhouxingchi | cat | m | 2019-08-05 | NULL |
+---------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql>


--如何修改数据


mysql> update pet set name='wangwang' where owner='wangyibo';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0


mysql> select * from pet;
+----------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
| jianguo | xiaozhan | yingduan | f | 2018-09-05 | NULL |
| wangcai | zhouxingchi | cat | m | 2019-08-05 | NULL |
| wangwang | wangyibo | dog | f | 2018-08-05 | NULL |
+----------+-------------+----------+------+------------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)


--总结一下:数据记录常见操作


--增加:
INSERT
--删除:
delete
--修改:
update :
--查询:
select

--二、 如何使用可视化工具操作数据库

--三、 如何在编程语言中操作数据库

 

posted @ 2020-07-05 09:54  正霜霜儿  阅读(234)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报