在ES5中,一共有9个Array方法 http://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es5/
注* 九个方法
Array.prototype.indexOf
Array.prototype.lastIndexOf
Array.prototype.every
Array.prototype.some
Array.prototype.forEach
Array.prototype.map
Array.prototype.filter
Array.prototype.reduce
Array.prototype.reduceRight
我将挑选5种方法,我个人认为是最有用的,很多开发者都会碰到。
1) indexOf
indexOf()方法返回在该数组中第一个找到的元素位置,如果它不存在则返回-1。
不使用indexOf时
var
arr = [
'apple'
,
'orange'
,
'pear'
],
found =
false
;
for
(
var
i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
if
(arr[i] ===
'orange'
){
found =
true
;
}
}
console.log(
"found:"
,found);
var
arr = [
'apple'
,
'orange'
,
'pear'
];
console.log(
"found:"
, arr.indexOf(
"orange"
) != -1);
2) filter
该filter()方法创建一个新的匹配过滤条件的数组。
不用 filter() 时
var
arr = [
{
"name"
:
"apple"
,
"count"
: 2},
{
"name"
:
"orange"
,
"count"
: 5},
{
"name"
:
"pear"
,
"count"
: 3},
{
"name"
:
"orange"
,
"count"
: 16},
];
var
newArr = [];
for
(
var
i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
if
(arr[i].name ===
"orange"
){
newArr.push(arr[i]);
}
}
console.log(
"Filter results:"
,newArr);
var
arr = [
{
"name"
:
"apple"
,
"count"
: 2},
{
"name"
:
"orange"
,
"count"
: 5},
{
"name"
:
"pear"
,
"count"
: 3},
{
"name"
:
"orange"
,
"count"
: 16},
];
var
newArr = arr.filter(
function
(item){
return
item.name ===
"orange"
;
});
console.log(
"Filter results:"
,newArr);
3) forEach()
forEach为每个元素执行对应的方法
var
arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
// Uses the usual "for" loop to iterate
for
(
var
i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
console.log(arr[i]);
}
console.log(
"========================"
);
//Uses forEach to iterate
arr.forEach(
function
(item,index){
console.log(item);
});
4) map()
map()对数组的每个元素进行一定操作(映射)后,会返回一个新的数组,
不使用map
var
oldArr = [{first_name:
"Colin"
,last_name:
"Toh"
},{first_name:
"Addy"
,last_name:
"Osmani"
},{first_name:
"Yehuda"
,last_name:
"Katz"
}];
function
getNewArr(){
var
newArr = [];
for
(
var
i= 0, l = oldArr.length; i< l; i++){
var
item = oldArr[i];
item.full_name = [item.first_name,item.last_name].join(
" "
);
newArr[i] = item;
}
return
newArr;
}
console.log(getNewArr());
var
oldArr = [{first_name:
"Colin"
,last_name:
"Toh"
},{first_name:
"Addy"
,last_name:
"Osmani"
},{first_name:
"Yehuda"
,last_name:
"Katz"
}];
function
getNewArr(){
return
oldArr.map(
function
(item,index){
item.full_name = [item.first_name,item.last_name].join(
" "
);
return
item;
});
}
console.log(getNewArr());
5) reduce()
reduce()可以实现一个累加器的功能,将数组的每个值(从左到右)将其降低到一个值。
说实话刚开始理解这句话有点难度,它太抽象了。
场景: 统计一个数组中有多少个不重复的单词
不使用reduce时
var
arr = [
"apple"
,
"orange"
,
"apple"
,
"orange"
,
"pear"
,
"orange"
];
function
getWordCnt(){
var
obj = {};
for
(
var
i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
var
item = arr[i];
obj[item] = (obj[item] +1 ) || 1;
}
return
obj;
}
console.log(getWordCnt());
var
arr = [
"apple"
,
"orange"
,
"apple"
,
"orange"
,
"pear"
,
"orange"
];
function
getWordCnt(){
return
arr.reduce(
function
(prev,next){
prev[next] = (prev[next] + 1) || 1;
return
prev;
},{});
}
console.log(getWordCnt());
让我先解释一下我自己对reduce的理解。reduce(callback, initialValue)会传入两个变量。回调函数(callback)和初始值(initialValue)。假设函数它有个传入参数,prev和next,index和array。prev和next你是必须要了解的。
一般来讲prev是从数组中第一个元素开始的,next是第二个元素。但是当你传入初始值(initialValue)后,第一个prev将是initivalValue,next将是数组中的第一个元素。
比如:
/*
* 二者的区别,在console中运行一下即可知晓
*/
var
arr = [
"apple"
,
"orange"
];
function
noPassValue(){
return
arr.reduce(
function
(prev,next){
console.log(
"prev:"
,prev);
console.log(
"next:"
,next);
return
prev +
" "
+next;
});
}
function
passValue(){
return
arr.reduce(
function
(prev,next){
console.log(
"prev:"
,prev);
console.log(
"next:"
,next);
prev[next] = 1;
return
prev;
},{});
}
console.log(
"No Additional parameter:"
,noPassValue());
console.log(
"----------------"
);
console.log(
"With {} as an additional parameter:"
,passValue());