Django基础005-Django开发的整体过程
1.写views
views.py代码块
1.在前端以/article/{{ article.id }}这种方式请求后台，
参数配置在urls.py中path('category/<int:id>',views.category),#<int:id>:配置参数，id必须和views里的方法的变量要一致，参数类型支持int，str等
在view方法中定义变量，变量名和urls.py中一致
2.在前端以url?key=value
在views中用request.GET.get('key')获取参数
3.在前端以url key-value form表单、ajax等参数上传的
在views中用request.POST.get('key')来获取参数
4.在前端以json，或者xml等格式请求后台
在views用request.body来获取参数
1 def index(request): 2 print('index...........') 3 categories = models.Category.objects.all() 4 articles = models.Article.objects.all() 5 return render(request,'index.html',{'articles':articles}) 6 7 8 def category(request,id): 9 category_obj = models.Category.objects.get(id=id) 10 # category_obj = models.Category.objects.filter(id=id).first() 11 # articles = models.Article.objects.filter(category=category_obj) 12 articles = models.Article.objects.filter(category_id=id) 13 return render(request, 'category.html', {'articles': articles,'category_obj':category_obj}) 14 15 16 def article(request,id): 17 article_obj = models.Article.objects.get(id=id) 18 print(article_obj.category.name) 19 return render(request,'detail.html',{'article_obj':article_obj}) 20 21 def add_article(request): 22 # request.path_info#请求路径 23 # request.method#请求方式 24 # request.GET.get('key')#获取url?key=的值 25 # request.POST.get('key')#获取url key-value 26 # request.COOKIES#获取cookie的值 27 # request.FILES#获取文件 28 # request.body#body里面的内容，比如xml，json等 29 # request.META#获取请求头 30 31 print(request.method) # 请求方式 32 print(request.GET) # url?key=vlauye 33 print(request.POST) # url key-vlaue 34 print(request.COOKIES) 35 print(request.path_info) # 请求的路径 /post /cate 36 print(request.FILES) # 获取文件 37 print(request.META) # 请求头相关的都在这里 38 print(request.body) # body里面的内容 39 40 41 42 if request.method == 'GET': 43 return render(request,'post.html') 44 else: 45 title = request.POST.get('title') 46 content = request.POST.get('content') 47 category = request.POST.get('category') 48 models.Article.objects.create(title=title,content=content,category_id=category) 49 return HttpResponseRedirect('/')
2.配置url
urls.py代码块
1 from user import views #引入模块 2 3 urlpatterns = [ 4 path('admin/', admin.site.urls), 5 path('index/', views.user_info), 6 path('welcome/',views.welcome), 7 path('',views.index),#配置url 8 path('category/<int:id>',views.category),#<int:id>:配置参数，id必须和views里的方法的变量要一致 9 # path('category/<str:uri>',views.category),#配置url 10 path('post',views.add_article), 11 path('article/<int:id>',views.article), 12 ]
3.前端代码
3.1 base.html:公共的代码块
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- Required meta tags --> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <!-- TDK and ICO --> <title>{{web_site.title}}</title> <meta name="description" content="{{web_site.desc}}"> <meta name="keywords" content="Python自学,Python爬虫,Django博客,Python web开发,个人博客"> <!--站长验证--> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/blog/img/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <!-- Bootstrap and font-awesome CSS --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/static/js/headroom.min.js"></script> <!-- blog CSS --> <link href="/static/css/base.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!--根据cookies判断是否启用暗色主题--> {% block css %} {% endblock %} </head> <body> <!--导航开始--> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md bg-white fixed-top blog-navbar py-md-0"> <a class="navbar-brand d-md-none d-lg-block" id="site-logo-name" href="/"> <strong class="px-2">{{web_site.title}}</strong> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"> <li class="nav-item mr-2"> <a class="nav-link py-md-3 active" href="/"><i class="fa fa-home mr-1"></i>首页<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item mr-2"> <a class="nav-link py-md-3 " href="./archive.html"><i class="fa fa-sitemap mr-1"></i>归档</a> </li> <form class="nav-item navbar-form mr-2 py-md-2" role="search" method="get" id="searchform" action="/search/"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="search" name="q" class="form-control rounded-0" placeholder="站内搜索" autocomplete="off" required=True> <div class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-info rounded-0" type="submit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </div> </div><!-- /input-group --> </form> </ul> </div> </nav> <!--导航结束--> <!--消息块--> <!--回到顶部按钮--> <div class="text-center" id="to-top"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-up" id="btn-top" title="回到顶部"></i> </div> <!--主要内容块--> <main> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> {% block content %} {% endblock %} <div class="col-lg-4"> <!--个人空间--> <div class="card border-0 rounded-0 px-3 mb-2 mb-md-3 d-none d-lg-block" id="home-card"> <div class="card-header bg-white px-0"> <strong><i class="fa fa-paper-plane mr-2 f-17"></i>个人空间</strong> </div> <div class="card-body px-0 pt-3 pb-1"> <div class="row text-center"> <div class="col"> <a href="https://github.com/Hopetree" target="_blank" title="进入博主的Github查看博客源码"> <img style="max-width:40px" alt="博主的github" src="https://tendcode.com/static/blog/img/github.png"> <p class="mt-2">Github</p> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <a href="/timeline/" target="_blank" title="查看网站建站历程"> <img style="max-width:40px" alt="网站的建站历程" src="https://tendcode.com/static/blog/img/blog.png"> <p class="mt-2">Timeline</p> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <a href="/timeline/" target="_blank" title="查看网站建站历程"> <img style="max-width:40px" alt="网站的建站历程" src="https://tendcode.com/static/blog/img/blog.png"> <p class="mt-2">Timeline</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--文章分类--> <div class="card border-0 rounded-0 px-3 mb-2 mb-md-3" id="category-card"> <div class="card-header bg-white px-0"> <strong><i class="fa fa-book mr-2 f-17"></i>文章分类</strong> </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush f-16"> {% for category in categories %} <li class="list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center pr-2 py-2"> <a class="category-item" href="/category/{{ category.id }}" title="查看【{{ category.name }}】分类下所有文章">{{ category.name }}</a> <span class="badge text-center" title="当前分类下有{{category.article_set.count}}篇文章">{{category.article_set.count}}</span> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> </div> <!--标签云--> <div class="card border-0 rounded-0 px-3 mb-2 mb-md-3" id="tag-card"> <div class="card-header bg-white px-0"> <strong><i class="fa fa-tags mr-2 f-17"></i>标 签 云</strong> </div> <div class="card-body px-0 py-3"> <div class="tag-cloud"> <a href="/tag/Virtualenv/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-1" title="【Virtualenv】标签下有3篇文章">Virtualenv</a> <a href="/tag/Web-development/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-2" title="【后端开发】标签下有10篇文章">后端开发</a> <a href="/tag/python-crawler/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-3" title="【Python爬虫】标签下有8篇文章">Python爬虫</a> <a href="/tag/MD5/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-4" title="【MD5加密】标签下有2篇文章">MD5加密</a> <a href="/tag/Requests/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-5" title="【Requests】标签下有4篇文章">Requests</a> <a href="/tag/threading/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-6" title="【多线程】标签下有4篇文章">多线程</a> <a href="/tag/multiprocessing/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-7" title="【多进程】标签下有2篇文章">多进程</a> <a href="/tag/Django/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-8" title="【Django】标签下有10篇文章">Django</a> <a href="/tag/MySQL/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-9" title="【MySQL】标签下有4篇文章">MySQL</a> <a href="/tag/database/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-10" title="【数据库】标签下有2篇文章">数据库</a> <a href="/tag/Nginx/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-11" title="【Nginx】标签下有4篇文章">Nginx</a> <a href="/tag/Gunicorn/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-12" title="【Gunicorn】标签下有1篇文章">Gunicorn</a> <a href="/tag/Redis/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-13" title="【Redis】标签下有2篇文章">Redis</a> <a href="/tag/django-redis/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-14" title="【django-redis】标签下有1篇文章">django-redis</a> <a href="/tag/cache/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-15" title="【Cache】标签下有1篇文章">Cache</a> <a href="/tag/Linux/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-16" title="【Linux】标签下有8篇文章">Linux</a> <a href="/tag/crontab/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-17" title="【crontab】标签下有1篇文章">crontab</a> <a href="/tag/PhantomJS/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-18" title="【PhantomJS】标签下有1篇文章">PhantomJS</a> <a href="/tag/selenium/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-19" title="【Selenium】标签下有2篇文章">Selenium</a> <a href="/tag/queue/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-20" title="【Queue】标签下有1篇文章">Queue</a> <a href="/tag/configparser/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-21" title="【configparser】标签下有1篇文章">configparser</a> <a href="/tag/paramiko/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-22" title="【paramiko】标签下有1篇文章">paramiko</a> <a href="/tag/SSH/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-23" title="【SSH】标签下有3篇文章">SSH</a> <a href="/tag/shell/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-24" title="【shell】标签下有4篇文章">shell</a> <a href="/tag/Scrapy/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-25" title="【Scrapy】标签下有2篇文章">Scrapy</a> <a href="/tag/docker/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-26" title="【Docker】标签下有10篇文章">Docker</a> <a href="/tag/docker-compose/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-27" title="【docker-compose】标签下有5篇文章">docker-compose</a> <a href="/tag/docker-build/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-28" title="【容器化】标签下有8篇文章">容器化</a> <a href="/tag/centos/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-29" title="【CentOS】标签下有2篇文章">CentOS</a> <a href="/tag/pip/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-30" title="【pip】标签下有1篇文章">pip</a> <a href="/tag/argparse/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-31" title="【argparse】标签下有1篇文章">argparse</a> <a href="/tag/click/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-32" title="【Click】标签下有1篇文章">Click</a> <a href="/tag/OAuth2/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-33" title="【OAuth2.0】标签下有1篇文章">OAuth2.0</a> <a href="/tag/django-allauth/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-34" title="【django-allauth】标签下有1篇文章">django-allauth</a> <a href="/tag/git/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-35" title="【Git】标签下有2篇文章">Git</a> <a href="/tag/ci-cd/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-36" title="【CI/CD】标签下有6篇文章">CI/CD</a> <a href="/tag/Jenkins/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-37" title="【Jenkins】标签下有6篇文章">Jenkins</a> <a href="/tag/Vue/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-38" title="【Vue.js】标签下有3篇文章">Vue.js</a> <a href="/tag/ansible/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-39" title="【Ansible】标签下有1篇文章">Ansible</a> <a href="/tag/jinja2/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-40" title="【jinja2】标签下有1篇文章">jinja2</a> <a href="/tag/yaml/" class="tags f-16" id="tag-41" title="【YAML】标签下有1篇文章">YAML</a> </div> </div> </div> <!--友链--> <div class="d-none d-lg-block"> <div class="card border-0 rounded-0 px-3 mb-2 mb-md-3" id="friends-card"> <div class="card-header bg-white px-0"> <strong><i class="fa fa-link mr-2 f-17"></i>友情链接</strong> </div> <div class="card-body px-0 py-3"> <div class="tool-list"> <div class="w-50 float-left text-center mb-2"> <div class="mx-2"> <a href="https://github.com/Hopetree/izone" title="izone 博客项目的源代码" target="_blank"> 博客源码</a> </div> </div> <div class="w-50 float-left text-center mb-2"> <div class="mx-2"> <a href="https://frostming.com" title="一个基于 Flask 开发的博客" target="_blank"> Frost's Blog</a> </div> </div> <div class="w-50 float-left text-center mb-2"> <div class="mx-2"> <a href="https://zmrenwu.com" title="Django 博客教程分享者" target="_blank"> 追梦人物</a> </div> </div> <div class="w-50 float-left text-center mb-2"> <div class="mx-2"> <a href="https://www.dusaiphoto.com/" title="Django 搭建的博客，分享博客教程" target="_blank"> 杜赛的个人网站</a> </div> </div> <div class="w-50 float-left text-center mb-2"> <div class="mx-2"> <a href="https://www.jerrycoding.com/" title="Jerry 的个人博客" target="_blank"> Jerry Coding</a> </div> </div> <div class="w-50 float-left text-center mb-2"> <div class="mx-2"> <a href="https://boywithacoin.cn/" title="Stray_Camel的个人技术博客" target="_blank"> Stray_Camel</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <!-- Optional JavaScript --> <!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS --> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <!--js cookie 插件--> <script src="/static/js/js.cookie.min.js?v=20191123.12"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script> $(function () { var myElement = document.querySelector(".blog-navbar"); var headroom = new Headroom(myElement); headroom.init() }); </script> <script src="/static/js/base.js?v=20191123.0909890"></script> <footer class="container-fluid mt-4 py-0"> <div class="card-body text-center px-0 f-14"> <p class="card-text mb-1">Copyright © <span id="year-info"></span> Powered by Django. </p> </div> </footer> </body> </html>
3.2 index.html:首页代码块
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<div class="col-lg-8">
<div id="carouselExampleIndicators" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="2"></li>
<li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="3"></li>
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="carousel-item active">
<a href="./detail.html">
<img class="w-100" src="https://tendcode.com/cdn/article/180415/jiandan.png"
alt="容器化部署博客（3）—— 5分钟完成项目迁移">
</a>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<a href="/article/set-up-django-with-nginx-and-gunicorn/">
<img class="w-100" src="https://tendcode.com/cdn/article/180415/jiandan.png"
alt="在 Linux 服务器上使用 Nginx + Gunicorn 部署 Django 项目的正确姿势">
</a>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<a href="/article/virtualenv-for-python/">
<img class="w-100" src="https://tendcode.com/cdn/article/180415/jiandan.png"
alt="Python虚拟环境Virtualenv分别在Windows和Linux上的安装和使用">
</a>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<a href="/article/jiandan-meizi-spider/">
<img class="w-100" src="https://tendcode.com/cdn/article/180415/jiandan.png" alt="煎蛋网妹子图爬虫">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselExampleIndicators" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselExampleIndicators" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="text-secondary font-weight-bold py-2 f-15 choice">
<a class="pb-2 active" href="/">
<i class="fa fa-bars mr-1"></i>时间排序</a>
</div>
<div class="summary-list">
{% for article in articles %}
<div class="media mb-1 mb-sm-2 p-2 p-lg-3">
<div class="align-self-center mr-2 mr-lg-3 w-25 modal-open">
<a href="/article/{{ article.id }}" target="_blank">
<img class="w-100 article-img" src="https://tendcode.com/cdn/article/191029/python_shell.png"
alt="{{article.title}}">
</a>
</div>
<div class="media-body">
<div class="text-muted mb-2 f-12">
<img class="avatar"
src="https://tendcode.com/media/avatar/2019/07/27/91ef76c6a7efce1b99717f97a851f3deb48f6510.png"
alt="Hopetree">
<span>Hopetree</span>
<span><i class="fa fa-calendar-times-o ml-2 mr-1"></i>{{article.create_time}}</span>
</div>
<h2 class="mt-0 font-weight-bold text-info f-17">
<a href="/article/{{ article.id }}" target="_blank">{{article.title}}</a>
</h2>
<p class="d-none d-sm-block mb-2 f-15">{{article.content}}</p>
<div class="text-muted mb-0 f-12">
<a class="cate" href="/category/hello-python/" title="查看当前分类下更多文章">
<i class="fa fa-book mr-1"></i>{{article.category.name}}</a>
<span><i class="fa fa-eye ml-2 mr-1"></i>226</span>
<a href="/article/yaml_and_jinja2/#comment-block" target="_blank" title="查看文章评论">
<i class="fa fa-comments ml-2 mr-1"></i>8</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
<div class="text-center mt-2 mt-sm-1 mt-md-0 mb-3 f-16">
<span class="text-secondary" title="当前页已经是首页">上一页</span>
<span class="mx-2">第 1 / 4 页</span>
<a class="text-success" href="?page=2">下一页</a>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
3.3 detail.html:文章详情页代码块
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- Required meta tags --> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <!-- TDK and ICO --> <title>{{article_obj.id}}</title> <meta name="description" content="{{article_obj.content}}"> <meta name="keywords" content="Python自学,Python爬虫,Django博客,Python web开发,个人博客"> <!--站长验证--> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/blog/img/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <!-- Bootstrap and font-awesome CSS --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/static/js/headroom.min.js"></script> <!-- blog CSS --> <link href="/static/css/base.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/static/css/detail.css?v=20190918.07" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/static/css/monokai.css?v=20190910.2" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/static/css/base_comment.css?v=20190114.554" rel="stylesheet"> <!--根据cookies判断是否启用暗色主题--> </head> <body> <!--导航开始--> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md bg-white fixed-top blog-navbar py-md-0"> <a class="navbar-brand d-md-none d-lg-block" id="site-logo-name" href="/"> <strong class="px-2">TendCode</strong> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"> <li class="nav-item mr-2"> <a class="nav-link py-md-3 active" href="/"><i class="fa fa-home mr-1"></i>首页<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item mr-2"> <a class="nav-link py-md-3 " href="/archive.html"><i class="fa fa-sitemap mr-1"></i>归档</a> </li> <li class="nav-item mr-2"> <a 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