xml模块

xml模块

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议,跟json差不多,但json使用起来更简单,不过,古时候,在json还没诞生的黑暗年代,大家只能选择用xml呀,至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。

 

xml的格式如下,就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

 

xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的,在python中可以用以下模块操作xml:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('xml_lesson.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.iter('year'))    #全文搜索

print(root.find('country'))    #在root的子节点找,只找一个

print(root.findall('country'))    #在root的子节点找,找所有

 

 

对xml文档进行查、增、删、改

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xml_lesson.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)

#-------------------------------遍历xml文档---------------------------------------
for contry in root:
    print('========>', contry.tag, contry.attrib, contry.attrib['name']) #一级信息
    for i in contry:
        print(i.tag, i.attrib, i.text) #二级信息



#-------------------------------只遍历year节点------------------------------------ for node in root.iter('year'): print(node.tag, node.text)

#-------------------------------增加节点-------------------------------------------- for country in root.findall('country'): for year in country.findall('year'): if int(year.text) > 2000: year2 = ET.Element('year2') #增加year2节点 year2.text = "New century" #为year2添加文本信息 year2.attrib = {'update':'yes'} #为year2添加属性 country.append(year2) #往country节点下添加子节点 tree.write('xmladd.xml') #保存更新

#--------------------------------删除节点-------------------------------------------- for country in root.findall('country'): rank = int(country.find('rank').text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write('output.xml') #保存更新

#---------------------------------修改节点-------------------------------------------- for node in root.iter('year'): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set('updated', 'yes') #给year节点添加属性 {updated="yes"} node.set('version', '1.0') #给year节点添加属性 {version="1.0"} tree.write('xmltest.xml') #保存更新

 

 自己创建xml文件

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

new_xml = ET.Element('namelist')

name = ET.SubElement(new_xml, 'name', attrib={'enrolled': 'yes'})
age = ET.SubElement(name, 'age', attrib={'checked': 'no'})
sex = ET.SubElement(name, 'sex')
sex.text = '33'

name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, 'name', attrib={'enrolled': 'no'})
age = ET.SubElement(name2, 'age')
age.text = '19'

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)  # 生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml)  # 打印生成的格式

 

posted @ 2019-03-17 14:47  sword23  阅读(93)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报