UVa11426 最大公约数之和(正版)

题面

求\(\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}\sum_{j=i+1}^{n}gcd(i, j)\)
n<=4000000,数据组数T<=100
答案保证在64位带符号整数范围内（long long就好）

Sol

之前做了一道假的
先不管i，j是否有序，我们就求\(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{j=1}^{n}gcd(i, j)\)
最后\(ans=(ans - (n + 1) * n / 2) / 2\)即可
推导
\(ans=\sum_{d=1}^{n}\sum_{i=1}^{\lfloor\frac{n}{d}\rfloor}\mu(i)*\lfloor\frac{n}{i*d}\rfloor^2\)
\(用k替换i*d，ans=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\lfloor\frac{n}{k}\rfloor^2\sum_{d|k}\mu(\frac{k}{d})d\)
\(\sum_{d|k}\mu(\frac{k}{d})d\)是积性函数，线性筛即可
加上数论分块

# include <bits/stdc++.h>
# define RG register
# define IL inline
# define Zsydalao 666
# define Fill(a, b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int _(4e6 + 1);
 
IL ll Read(){
    char c = '%'; ll x = 0, z = 1;
    for(; c > '9' || c < '0'; c = getchar()) if(c == '-') z = -1;
    for(; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = getchar()) x = x * 10 + c - '0';
    return x * z;
}
 
int prime[_], num;
ll f[_];
bool isprime[_];
 
IL void Prepare(){
	isprime[1] = 1; f[1] = 1;
	for(RG int i = 2; i < _; ++i){
		if(!isprime[i]) prime[++num] = i, f[i] = i - 1;
		for(RG int j = 1; j <= num && i * prime[j] < _; ++j){
			isprime[i * prime[j]] = 1;
			if(i % prime[j])  f[i * prime[j]] = f[i] * f[prime[j]];
			else{  f[i * prime[j]] = f[i] * prime[j]; break;  }
		}
	}
	for(RG int i = 2; i < _; ++i) f[i] += f[i - 1];
}
 
int main(RG int argc, RG char *argv[]){
	Prepare();
	while(Zsydalao == 666){
		RG ll n = Read(), ans = 0;
		if(!n) break;
		for(RG ll k = 1, j; k <= n; k = j + 1){
			j = n / (n / k);
			ans += (n / k) * (n / k) * (f[j] - f[k - 1]);
		}
		printf("%lld\n", (ans - n * (n + 1) / 2) / 2);
	}
	return 0;
}