Codeforces Round #545 (Div. 1) 简要题解

这里没有翻译

Codeforces Round #545 (Div. 1)

T1

对于每行每列分别离散化,求出大于这个位置的数字的个数即可。

# include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const int maxn(1005);

int n, m, a[maxn][maxn], mx1[maxn][maxn], mx2[maxn][maxn], q[maxn], len;

int main() {
	int i, j, p;
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
	for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		for (j = 1; j <= m; ++j) scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
	for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		for (j = 1; j <= m; ++j) q[j] = a[i][j];
		sort(q + 1, q + m + 1), len = unique(q + 1, q + m + 1) - q - 1;
		for (j = 1; j <= m; ++j) {
			p = lower_bound(q + 1, q + len + 1, a[i][j]) - q;
			mx1[i][j] = p, mx2[i][j] = len - p;
		}
	}
	for (i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
		for (j = 1; j <= n; ++j) q[j] = a[j][i];
		sort(q + 1, q + n + 1), len = unique(q + 1, q + n + 1) - q - 1;
		for (j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
			p = lower_bound(q + 1, q + len + 1, a[j][i]) - q;
			mx1[j][i] = max(p, mx1[j][i]), mx2[j][i] = max(len - p, mx2[j][i]);
		}
	}
	for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i, puts(""))
		for (j = 1; j <= m; ++j) printf("%d ", mx1[i][j] + mx2[i][j]);
	return 0;
}

T2

每次选择当前串的最长的 \(border\) 接上去即可

# include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const int maxn(5e5 + 5);

int len1, len2, nxt[maxn], cnt0, cnt, cnt1, mx;
char s[maxn], t[maxn], ans[maxn];

int main() {
	int i, j, len = 0;
	scanf(" %s %s", s + 1, t + 1);
	len1 = strlen(s + 1), len2 = strlen(t + 1);
	for (i = 1; i <= len1; ++i) cnt0 += s[i] == '0';
	for (i = 1; i <= len2; ++i) cnt += t[i] == '0';
	if (len1 < len2 || cnt0 < cnt || len1 - cnt0 < len2 - cnt) return printf("%s\n", s + 1), 0;
	for (i = 2, j = 0; i <= len2; ++i) {
		while (j && t[j + 1] != t[i]) j = nxt[j];
		if (t[j + 1] == t[i]) ++j;
		nxt[i] = j;
	}
	for (i = 1; i <= len2; ++i) ans[i] = t[i];
	len = len2, cnt1 = len1 - cnt0, cnt0 -= cnt, mx = nxt[len2], cnt1 -= len2 - cnt;
	while (cnt0 && cnt1) {
		for (i = mx + 1; i <= len2 && cnt1 && cnt0; ++i)
			if (cnt0 - (t[i] == '0') >= 0 && cnt1 - (t[i] == '1') >= 0)
				ans[++len] = t[i], cnt0 -= t[i] == '0', cnt1 -= t[i] == '1';
	}
	while (cnt0) ans[++len] = '0', --cnt0;
	while (cnt1) ans[++len] = '1', --cnt1;
	for (i = 1; i <= len1; ++i) putchar(ans[i]);
	return puts(""), 0;
}

T3

拆点,对于一个点 \(x\),拆成 \((x,1),(x,2),...,(x,d)\),在原图中如果有边 \(x,y\) 则连边 \((x,i),(y,i\%d+1)\)
可以发现如果 \((x,i)\) 能到 \((x,j)\),那么 \((x,j)\) 也一定能到达 \((x,i)\)
所以 \((x,i),(x,j)\) 要么在同一个强连通分量里,要么不在同一条直链上。
所以直接缩点 \(DP\) 即可。

// Memory limit exceeded on test 73
# include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const int maxn(5e6 + 5);

struct Edge {  int to, next;  };

int first[maxn], cnt, n, m, dd, id[100005][55], www[maxn], bf[maxn], val[maxn], num, ans;
int dfn[maxn], low[maxn], idx, st[maxn], us[maxn], tot, tp, bel[maxn], f[maxn], d[maxn];
Edge edge[maxn];
char s[55];
vector <int> dag[maxn];
queue <int> Q;
bitset <maxn> vis;

inline void Add(int u, int v) {
	edge[cnt] = (Edge){v, first[u]}, first[u] = cnt++;
}

void Tarjan(int u) {
	int e, v, r;
	dfn[u] = low[u] = ++idx, vis[u] = 1, st[++tp] = u;
	for (e = first[u]; ~e; e = edge[e].next)
		if (!dfn[v = edge[e].to]) Tarjan(v), low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
		else if (vis[v]) low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
	if (low[u] == dfn[u]) {
		++num;
		do {
			vis[v = st[tp--]] = 0;
			if (www[v] && us[bf[v]] != num) us[bf[v]] = num, ++val[num];
			bel[v] = num;
		} while (v ^ u);
	}
}

int main() {
	int i, j, u, v, e;
	memset(first, -1, sizeof(first));
	scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &dd);
	for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		for (j = 1; j <= dd; ++j) id[i][j] = ++tot, bf[tot] = i; 
	for (i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
		scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
		for (j = 1; j <= dd; ++j) Add(id[u][j], id[v][j % dd + 1]);
	}
	for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
		scanf(" %s", s + 1);
		for (j = 1; j <= dd; ++j) www[id[i][j]] = s[j] == '1';
	}
	for (i = 1; i <= tot; ++i) if (!dfn[i]) Tarjan(i);
	for (i = 1; i <= tot; ++i)
		for (e = first[i]; ~e; e = edge[e].next)
			if (bel[i] != bel[edge[e].to]) dag[bel[i]].push_back(bel[edge[e].to]), ++d[bel[edge[e].to]];
	memset(f, -63, sizeof(f)), f[bel[1]] = val[bel[1]];
	for (i = 1; i <= num; ++i) if (!d[i]) Q.push(i);
	while (!Q.empty()) {
		u = Q.front(), Q.pop(), ans = max(ans, f[u]);
		for (int t : dag[u]) {
			f[t] = max(f[t], f[u] + val[t]);
			if (!--d[t]) Q.push(t);
		}
	}
	printf("%d\n", ans);
	return 0;
}

T4

\(floyed\) 判环法,一个人 \(a\) 一次 \(1\) 步,另一个人 \(b\) 一次 \(2\) 步。
\(a\) 走了 \(t+v\) 步,\(b\) 走了 \(2t+2v\) 步。
不难发现 \(c|(t+v)\),而 \(a\) 是一次 \(1\) 步,所以 \(a\) 一定没有走完一个环,所以只要再次走 \(t\) 步就可以刚好到了终点。
其它的点也是一样。
总步骤 \(\le 3(c+t)\)

# include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

char s[233];

inline int Read() {
	int x, i;
	scanf("%d", &x);
	for (i = 1; i <= x; ++i) scanf(" %s", s);
	return x;
}

int main() {
	while (true) {
		printf("next 0\n"), fflush(stdout), Read();
		printf("next 0 1\n"), fflush(stdout);
		if (Read() == 2) break;
	}
	while (true) {
        printf("next 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9\n"), fflush(stdout);
        if (Read() == 1) break;
	}
	printf("done"), fflush(stdout);
	return 0;
}

T5

不难发现每次加的一些 \(0\) 只要保留第一个就行了。
一操作很好做,直接扔掉前面的信息即可。
考虑二三操作,可以想到用单调队列来维护。
假设 \(x<y\),那么一次三操作 \(v_x\) 变得小于 \(v_y\) 的条件显然是
\(\frac{v_x-v_y}{x-y}>-s\),所以维护一个 \((v_x,x)\) 的斜率单调递增的下凸壳即可。

# include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const int maxn(3e5 + 5);

int n, m;
ll Q[maxn], val[maxn], mov, hd, tl, ed, tagb, tags;

inline ll Calc(int x) {  return val[x] + tagb + tags * (Q[x] + mov - 1);  }

int main() {
	ll op, k, b, s;
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
	Q[hd = tl = val[0] = 0] = 1, ed = n;
	while (m--) {
		scanf("%lld", &op);
		if (op <= 2) scanf("%lld", &k);
		else scanf("%lld%lld", &b, &s);
		if (op == 1) mov += k, ed += k, Q[hd = tl = 0] = 1 - mov, val[hd] = tagb = tags = 0;
		else if (op == 2) {
			while (hd < tl && 1.0 * (Calc(tl) - Calc(tl - 1)) / (Q[tl] - Q[tl - 1]) >= -1.0 * Calc(tl) / (ed + 1 - Q[tl] - mov)) --tl;
			Q[++tl] = ed + 1 - mov, val[tl] = -tagb - tags * ed, ed += k;
		}
		else tagb += b, tags += s;
		while (hd < tl && val[tl] + tags * (Q[tl] - Q[tl - 1]) - val[tl - 1] >= 0) --tl;
		printf("%lld %lld\n", Q[tl] + mov, Calc(tl));
	}
    return 0;
}

T6

首先可以以最后烧掉的点为根,变成有根树。
考虑一次 \(up~u\) 操作的影响,设原来的根为 \(rt\),那么会使得 \((u,rt)\) 这条链的顺序变成 \(rt\) 烧到 \(u\) 并且是最后烧的链,其它点相对顺序不变。
现在问题是怎么统计每个点在它之前的点的个数。
可以把 \(up\) 操作看成是一种区间(链)覆盖一个新的最大编号,然后换根。
那么一个点的排名就变成了小于等于它的编号的点个数减去它祖先编号和它相同的点的个数。
这种染色问题可以用 \(LCT\) 维护,\(up\) 就直接 \(access+makeroot\),同一个编号的点一定在一棵 \(Splay\) 中,直接覆盖即可。
外加一个树状数组维护小于等于它的编号的点个数。

# include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const int maxn(4e5 + 5);

int n, q, mx, cnt_col, d[maxn], cnt[maxn];
vector <int> edge[maxn];
int fa[maxn], ch[2][maxn], rev[maxn], col[maxn], sta[maxn], tp, size[maxn];
priority_queue <int> Q;

inline void AddEdge(int u, int v) {  edge[u].push_back(v), edge[v].push_back(u), ++d[u], ++d[v];  }

inline void Add(int x, int v) {  for (; x <= mx; x += x & -x) cnt[x] += v;  }

inline int Query(int x) {
	int ret = 0;
	for (; x; x ^= x & -x) ret += cnt[x];
	return ret;
}

inline int Isroot(int x) {  return (ch[0][fa[x]] ^ x) && (ch[1][fa[x]] ^ x);  }

inline int Son(int x) {  return ch[1][fa[x]] == x;  }

inline void Update(int x) {  size[x] = size[ch[0][x]] + size[ch[1][x]] + 1;  }

inline void Reverse(int x) {  if (x) swap(ch[0][x], ch[1][x]), rev[x] ^= 1;  }

inline void Cover(int x, int v) {  if (x) col[x] = v;  }

inline void Pushdown(int x) {
	if (rev[x]) rev[x] ^= 1, Reverse(ch[0][x]), Reverse(ch[1][x]);
	Cover(ch[0][x], col[x]), Cover(ch[1][x], col[x]);
}

inline void Rotate(int x) {
	int y = fa[x], z = fa[y], c = Son(x);
	if (!Isroot(y)) ch[Son(y)][z] = x;
	fa[x] = z, ch[c][y] = ch[c ^ 1][x], fa[ch[c][y]] = y;
	ch[c ^ 1][x] = y, fa[y] = x, Update(y);
}

inline void Splay(int x) {
	int y;
	sta[tp = 1] = x;
	for (y = x; !Isroot(y); y = fa[y]) sta[++tp] = fa[y];
	while (tp) Pushdown(sta[tp--]);
	for (y = fa[x]; !Isroot(x); Rotate(x), y = fa[x])
		if (!Isroot(y)) (Son(x) ^ Son(y)) ? Rotate(x) : Rotate(y);
	Update(x);
}

inline void Access(int x) {
	int y;
	for (y = 0; x; y = x, x = fa[x]) {
		Splay(x), Add(col[x], -size[ch[0][x]] - 1);
		ch[1][x] = y, Update(x);
	}
}

inline void Makeroot(int x) {
	Access(x), Splay(x), Reverse(x), Cover(x, ++cnt_col), Add(col[x], size[x]);
}

inline int When(int x) {  return Splay(x), Query(col[x]) - size[ch[0][x]];  }

int main() {
	int i, u, v;
	char op[233];
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &q), mx = n + q;
	for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) scanf("%d%d", &u, &v), AddEdge(u, v);
	for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) if (d[i] == 1) Q.push(-i);
	while (!Q.empty()) {
		u = -Q.top(), Q.pop(), --d[u], Add(col[u] = ++cnt_col, 1);
		for (int to : edge[u]) if (--d[to] == 1) Q.push(-to);
	}
	for (u = 1; u <= n; ++u)
		for (int to : edge[u]) if (col[u] > col[to]) fa[to] = u;
	while (q--) {
		scanf(" %s%d", op + 1, &u);
		if (op[1] == 'u') Makeroot(u);
		else if (op[1] == 'w') printf("%d\n", When(u));
		else scanf("%d", &v), printf("%d\n", When(u) < When(v) ? u : v);
	}
	return 0;
}
posted @ 2019-03-19 20:29  Cyhlnj  阅读(242)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报