基于scrapy-redis的第二种形式的分布式爬虫(把普通scrapy框架转成分布式)

1.基于RedisSpider实现的分布式爬虫(网易新闻)

  a) 代码修改(爬虫类):

    i.导包: from scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisSpider 

    ii. 将爬虫类的父类修改成RedisSpider

    iii. 将起始url列表注释,添加一个redis_key(调度器队列的名称)的属性

  

  b) redis 数据库配置文件的配置redisxxx.conf:

    i.  #bind 127.0.0.1
    ii. protected-mode no

 

  c) 对项目中settings进行配置

    i 

#配置redis服务的ip和端口
REDIS_HOST = 'redis服务的ip地址'

REDIS_PORT = 6379

#REDIS_PARAMS = {'password': '123456'}

    ii

#使用scrapy-redis组件的去重队列
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"

#使用scrapy-redis组件自己的调度器
SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"

#是否允许暂停

SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True

    iii 使用可以被共享的管道

ITEM_PIPELINES={
        'scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline': 400,
}

 

  d) 开启redis数据库的服务:redis-server配置文件

  e) 执行爬虫文件:scrapy runspider wangyi.py

  f) 向调度器的管道中扔一个起始的url:

      i. 开启redis客户端

    ii. 向调度器队列中扔一个起始url

     lpush wangyi https://xxxx.com # wangyi为 scrapy_redis的名字 

2.UA池(在settings里加上该中间件方法)

   a) 在中间价类中进行导包

     from scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware 

   b)封装一个基于UserAgentMiddleware的类,且重写该类

    例:

middleware.py

from scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
import random

ua_list = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
           'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
           'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;',
           'User-Agent:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)',
           'User-Agent:Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)',
           'User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
           'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
           'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
           'User-Agent:Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11']
ip_http_list = ['90.229.216.218:46796', '110.235.250.7:49341', '81.163.62.136:41258', '195.34.207.47:60878']
ip_https_list = ['140.227.207.211:60088', '140.227.209.210:60088', '185.132.133.102:1080']


class UserAgentRandom(UserAgentMiddleware):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        ua = random.choice(ua_list)
        request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', ua)

 

settings.py

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   'handle5.middlewares.Handle5DownloaderMiddleware': 543,
   'handle5.middlewares.UserAgentRandom': 542,
   'handle5.middlewares.IpRandom': 541
}

 

 

3.代理池(IP)(在settings里加上该中间件方法)

 

 修改ip

 middleware.py(与上述代码补全整个页面)

class IpRandom:
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        url = request.url
        head = url.split(":")[0]
        if head == "http":
            request.meta["proxy"] = "http://" + random.choice(ip_http_list)
        else:
            request.meta["proxy"] = "https://" + random.choice(ip_https_list)

 

 

  

4.selenium如何被应用到scrapy 中

  a) 在爬虫文件中导入webdriver类
  b) 在爬虫文件的爬虫类的构造方法中进行了浏览器的实例化操作
  c) 在爬虫类的closed方法中进行浏览器关闭的操作
  d) 在下载中间件的process_response 方法中编写执行浏览器自动化的操作

 

posted @ 2019-01-02 15:03  Corey0606  阅读(257)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报