计划任务.Job文件的格式
一、计划任务简介
计划任务安装微软的接口是有Task Scheduler 1.0 和Task Scheduler 2.0，可以查看微软的链接About the Task Scheduler、Using The Task Scheduler，其中Task Scheduler 2.0是从VISTA之后才支持的。我们可以用系统的at.exe、schtasks.exe来创建计划任务，具体命令可以在网上搜一下。
at 10:05 test.exe
schtasks /create /sc hourly /mo 5 /sd 03/01/2001 /tn "My App" /tr c:\apps\myapp.exe
下面我们使用这两种例子在windows上创建计划任务
二、Task Scheduler 1.0
我们可以用 Task Scheduler 1.0 Programming Considerations 、Task Scheduler 1.0 Example 在系统上创建一个计划任务
// ITaskScheduler.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> #include <initguid.h> #include <ole2.h> #include <mstask.h> #include <msterr.h> #include <objidl.h> #include <wchar.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <atlstr.h> int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { HRESULT hr = S_OK; ITaskScheduler *pITS; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Call CoInitialize to initialize the COM library and then // call CoCreateInstance to get the Task Scheduler object. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// hr = CoInitialize(NULL); if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) { hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_CTaskScheduler, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_ITaskScheduler, (void **)&pITS); if (FAILED(hr)) { //CoUninitialize(); return 1; } } else { return 1; } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Call ITaskScheduler::NewWorkItem to create new task. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// LPCWSTR pwszTaskName; ITask *pITask; IPersistFile *pIPersistFile; pwszTaskName = L"Test Task"; hr = pITS->NewWorkItem(pwszTaskName, // Name of task CLSID_CTask, // Class identifier IID_ITask, // Interface identifier (IUnknown**)&pITask); // Address of task // interface pITS->Release(); if (FAILED(hr)) { CoUninitialize(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed calling NewWorkItem, error = 0x%x\n", hr); return 1; } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Call ITask::SetParameters to L"" to clear the parameters for // Test Task. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// LPCWSTR pwszParameters = L"hello"; hr = pITask->SetParameters(pwszParameters); if (FAILED(hr)) { wprintf(L"Failed calling ITask::SetParameters: "); wprintf(L"error = 0x%x\n", hr); pITask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 1; } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Call ITask::SetApplicationName to specify the Application name // for Test Task. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// LPCWSTR pwszApplicationName = L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe"; hr = pITask->SetApplicationName(pwszApplicationName); if (FAILED(hr)) { wprintf(L"Failed calling ITask::SetApplicationName: "); wprintf(L"error = 0x%x\n", hr); pITask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 1; } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Call IUnknown::QueryInterface to get a pointer to // IPersistFile and IPersistFile::Save to save // the new task to disk. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// hr = pITask->QueryInterface(IID_IPersistFile, (void **)&pIPersistFile); pITask->Release(); if (FAILED(hr)) { CoUninitialize(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed calling QueryInterface, error = 0x%x\n", hr); return 1; } hr = pIPersistFile->Save(NULL, TRUE); pIPersistFile->Release(); if (FAILED(hr)) { CoUninitialize(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed calling Save, error = 0x%x\n", hr); return 1; } CoUninitialize(); printf("Created task.\n"); return 0; }
其中创建计划任务过程中，pIPersistFile->Save会在C:\Windows\Tasks目录下创建一个Test Task.job的文件，这个文件格式大概如下，这里只分析了关键字段的偏移
struct Task{ int Unknown; int Unknown1; int Unknown2; int Unknown3; int Unknown4; short startLen; short Length; int Unknown5; int Unknown6; int Unknown7; int Unknown8; int Unknown9; int Unknown10; int Unknown11; int Unknown12; int Unknown13; int Unknown14; int Unknown15; short Unknown16; short pathlength; char path[pathlength*2]; short parameterlen; char parameter[parameterlen*2]; short Unknown17; short UserNameLen; char User[UserNameLen*2]; };
.Job文件创建后，会通过文件修改回调通知到svchost.exe服务进程的taskcomp!CompatibilityAdapter[::IFileChangeNotification]::ContentChange中，而ContentChange的服务收到通知后，会调用ContentChange -> CompatibilityAdapter::ActivateJob -> CompatibilityAdapter::LoadJob -> CJob::LoadP去加载计划任务。
三、Task Scheduler 2.0
Task Scheduler 2.0编程接口可以参考Using The Task Scheduler来进行创建
// ITaskScheduler.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> #include <initguid.h> #include <ole2.h> #include <mstask.h> #include <msterr.h> #include <objidl.h> #include <wchar.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <atlstr.h> /******************************************************************** This sample schedules a task to start on a weekly basis. ********************************************************************/ #define _WIN32_DCOM #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <comdef.h> #include <wincred.h> // Include the task header file. #include <taskschd.h> #pragma comment(lib, "taskschd.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "comsupp.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "credui.lib") using namespace std; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { // ------------------------------------------------------ // Initialize COM. HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCoInitializeEx failed: %x", hr ); return 0; } // Set general COM security levels. hr = CoInitializeSecurity( NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, 0, NULL); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCoInitializeSecurity failed: %x", hr ); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // ------------------------------------------------------ // Create a name for the task. LPCWSTR wszTaskName = L"Weekly Trigger Task"; // Get the windows directory and set the path to notepad.exe. wstring wstrExecutablePath = _wgetenv( L"WINDIR"); wstrExecutablePath += L"\\SYSTEM32\\NOTEPAD.EXE"; // ------------------------------------------------------ // Create an instance of the Task Service. ITaskService *pService = NULL; hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_TaskScheduler, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_ITaskService, (void**)&pService ); if (FAILED(hr)) { printf("Failed to create an instance of ITaskService: %x", hr); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // Connect to the task service. hr = pService->Connect(_variant_t(), _variant_t(), _variant_t(), _variant_t()); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("ITaskService::Connect failed: %x", hr ); pService->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // ------------------------------------------------------ // Get the pointer to the root task folder. // This folder will hold the new task that is registered. ITaskFolder *pRootFolder = NULL; hr = pService->GetFolder( _bstr_t( L"\\") , &pRootFolder ); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("Cannot get Root Folder pointer: %x", hr ); pService->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // If the same task exists, remove it. pRootFolder->DeleteTask( _bstr_t( wszTaskName), 0 ); // Create the task builder object to create the task. ITaskDefinition *pTask = NULL; hr = pService->NewTask( 0, &pTask ); pService->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used. if (FAILED(hr)) { printf("Failed to create a task definition: %x", hr); pRootFolder->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // ------------------------------------------------------ // Get the registration info for setting the identification. IRegistrationInfo *pRegInfo= NULL; hr = pTask->get_RegistrationInfo( &pRegInfo ); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot get identification pointer: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } hr = pRegInfo->put_Author( L"Author Name" ); pRegInfo->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used. if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot put identification info: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // ------------------------------------------------------ // Get the trigger collection to insert the weekly trigger. ITriggerCollection *pTriggerCollection = NULL; hr = pTask->get_Triggers( &pTriggerCollection ); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot get trigger collection: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } ITrigger *pTrigger = NULL; hr = pTriggerCollection->Create( TASK_TRIGGER_WEEKLY, &pTrigger ); pTriggerCollection->Release(); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot create the trigger: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } IWeeklyTrigger *pWeeklyTrigger = NULL; hr = pTrigger->QueryInterface( IID_IWeeklyTrigger, (void**) &pWeeklyTrigger ); pTrigger->Release(); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nQueryInterface call for IWeeklyTrigger failed: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } hr = pWeeklyTrigger->put_Id( _bstr_t( L"Trigger1" ) ); if( FAILED(hr) ) printf("\nCannot put trigger ID: %x", hr); // Set the task to start weekly at a certain time. The time // format should be YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS(+-)(timezone). // For example, the start boundary below is January 1st 2005 at // 12:05 hr = pWeeklyTrigger->put_StartBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2005-01-01T12:05:00") ); if( FAILED(hr) ) printf("\nCannot put the start boundary: %x", hr); // Set the time when the trigger is deactivated. hr = pWeeklyTrigger->put_EndBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2007-01-01T12:05:00") ); if( FAILED(hr) ) printf("\nCannot put the end boundary: %x", hr); // Define the interval for the weekly trigger. // An interval of 2 produces an // every other week schedule hr = pWeeklyTrigger->put_WeeksInterval( (short)2 ); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot put weeks interval: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } hr = pWeeklyTrigger->put_DaysOfWeek( (short)2 ); // Runs on Monday pWeeklyTrigger->Release(); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot put days of week interval: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // ------------------------------------------------------ // Add an Action to the task. This task will execute notepad.exe. IActionCollection *pActionCollection = NULL; // Get the task action collection pointer. hr = pTask->get_Actions( &pActionCollection ); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot get Task collection pointer: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // Create the action, specifying that it is an executable action. IAction *pAction = NULL; hr = pActionCollection->Create( TASK_ACTION_EXEC, &pAction ); pActionCollection->Release(); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot create the action: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } IExecAction *pExecAction = NULL; // QI for the executable task pointer. hr = pAction->QueryInterface( IID_IExecAction, (void**) &pExecAction ); pAction->Release(); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nQueryInterface call failed on IExecAction: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // Set the path of the executable to notepad.exe. hr = pExecAction->put_Path( _bstr_t( wstrExecutablePath.c_str() ) ); pExecAction->Release(); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nCannot add path for executable action: %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // ------------------------------------------------------ // Securely get the user name and password. The task will // be created to run with the credentials from the supplied // user name and password. CREDUI_INFO cui; TCHAR pszName[CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH] = L""; TCHAR pszPwd[CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH] = L""; BOOL fSave; DWORD dwErr; cui.cbSize = sizeof(CREDUI_INFO); cui.hwndParent = NULL; // Ensure that MessageText and CaptionText identify // what credentials to use and which application requires them. cui.pszMessageText = TEXT("Account information for task registration:"); cui.pszCaptionText = TEXT("Enter Account Information for Task Registration"); cui.hbmBanner = NULL; fSave = FALSE; // Create the UI asking for the credentials. dwErr = CredUIPromptForCredentials( &cui, // CREDUI_INFO structure TEXT(""), // Target for credentials NULL, // Reserved 0, // Reason pszName, // User name CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH, // Max number for user name pszPwd, // Password CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH, // Max number for password &fSave, // State of save check box CREDUI_FLAGS_GENERIC_CREDENTIALS | // Flags CREDUI_FLAGS_ALWAYS_SHOW_UI | CREDUI_FLAGS_DO_NOT_PERSIST); if(dwErr) { cout << "Did not get credentials." << endl; CoUninitialize(); return 0; } // ------------------------------------------------------ // Save the task in the root folder. IRegisteredTask *pRegisteredTask = NULL; hr = pRootFolder->RegisterTaskDefinition( _bstr_t( wszTaskName ), pTask, TASK_CREATE_OR_UPDATE, _variant_t(_bstr_t(pszName)), _variant_t(_bstr_t(pszPwd)), TASK_LOGON_PASSWORD, _variant_t(L""), &pRegisteredTask); if( FAILED(hr) ) { printf("\nError saving the Task : %x", hr ); pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); SecureZeroMemory(pszName, sizeof(pszName)); SecureZeroMemory(pszPwd, sizeof(pszPwd)); CoUninitialize(); return 0; } printf("\n Success! Task succesfully registered. " ); // Clean up pRootFolder->Release(); pTask->Release(); pRegisteredTask->Release(); SecureZeroMemory(pszName, sizeof(pszName)); SecureZeroMemory(pszPwd, sizeof(pszPwd)); CoUninitialize(); return 0; }
该种方式会在C:\Windows\System32\Tasks目录下创建Weekly Trigger Task.Job文件，这种文件格式直接是xml格式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16"?> <Task version="1.2" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2004/02/mit/task"> <RegistrationInfo> <Author>Author Name</Author> <URI>\Weekly Trigger Task</URI> </RegistrationInfo> <Triggers> <CalendarTrigger id="Trigger1"> <StartBoundary>2005-01-01T12:05:00</StartBoundary> <EndBoundary>2007-01-01T12:05:00</EndBoundary> <Enabled>true</Enabled> <ScheduleByWeek> <DaysOfWeek> <Monday /> </DaysOfWeek> <WeeksInterval>2</WeeksInterval> </ScheduleByWeek> </CalendarTrigger> </Triggers> <Settings> <MultipleInstancesPolicy>IgnoreNew</MultipleInstancesPolicy> <DisallowStartIfOnBatteries>true</DisallowStartIfOnBatteries> <StopIfGoingOnBatteries>true</StopIfGoingOnBatteries> <AllowHardTerminate>true</AllowHardTerminate> <StartWhenAvailable>false</StartWhenAvailable> <RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable>false</RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable> <IdleSettings> <Duration>PT10M</Duration> <WaitTimeout>PT1H</WaitTimeout> <StopOnIdleEnd>true</StopOnIdleEnd> <RestartOnIdle>false</RestartOnIdle> </IdleSettings> <AllowStartOnDemand>true</AllowStartOnDemand> <Enabled>true</Enabled> <Hidden>false</Hidden> <RunOnlyIfIdle>false</RunOnlyIfIdle> <WakeToRun>false</WakeToRun> <ExecutionTimeLimit>PT72H</ExecutionTimeLimit> <Priority>7</Priority> </Settings> <Actions Context="Author"> <Exec> <Command>C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\NOTEPAD.EXE</Command> </Exec> </Actions> <Principals> <Principal id="Author"> <UserId>Test</UserId> <LogonType>Password</LogonType> <RunLevel>LeastPrivilege</RunLevel> </Principal> </Principals> </Task>
