安装Hive(独立模式 使用mysql连接)
1.默认安装了java+hadoop
2.下载对应hadoop版本的安装包
3.解压安装包
tar zxvf apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
4.安装mysql
yum -y install mysql-server mysql mysqldev //需要以root身份运行 另外可能需要配置yum源
mysql常用命令:
service mysqld start/stop
chkconfig mysqld on //加入开机启动 以系统root用户操作
5.授权mysql(以系统hadoop身份 数据库root身份进行操作)
mysqladmin -u root password "root" //修改root密码为root
mysql -uroot -p密码 (初始密码为空)
create user 'hive' identified by 'hive'; //创建用于连接的hive用户 密码为hive
grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'%' identified by "hive" with grant option;
flush privileges; //刷新权限
grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'localhost' identified by "hive" with grant option;
flush privileges; //刷新权限
grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'hadoop.master' identified by "hive" with grant option;
flush privileges; //刷新权限
set global binlog_format='MIXED'; //设置格式 必须执行。不然报错
exit;
service mysqld restart //重启服务
6.测试连接
mysql -hhadoop.master -uhive -phive //能进去则表示设置成功
create database hive; //创建连接数据库hive
alter database hive character set latin1;
7.配置环境变量(/etc/profile)
#hive
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive-1.2.1
export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=/opt/hive-1.2.1/lib
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/hive-1.2.1/conf
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HIVE_HOME/lib
保存退出
source /etc/profile
8.修改配置文件
1.根据模版复制配置文件
cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
cp hive-log4j.properties.template hive-log4j.properties
2.修改配置文件
####hive-site.xml####
//添加项目 --0.11 版本以后可不用添加此项
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
//修改项目
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop.master:3306/hive</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>Username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name>
<value>/opt/hive-1.2.1/tmp</value> //需要创建此目录
<description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hive-1.2.1/tmp</value>
<description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.hwi.war.file</name>
<value>/opt/hive-1.2.1/lib/hive-hwi-1.2.1.jar</value>
<description>This sets the path to the HWI war file, relative to ${HIVE_HOME}. </description>
</property>
####hive-env.sh####
HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop-2.5.2
####hive-log4j.properties####
hive.log.threshold=ALL
hive.root.logger=INFO,DRFA
hive.log.dir=/opt/hive-1.2.1/logs //需创建相应目录
hive.log.file=hive.log
9.其他配置项
1.hdfs上创建相应文件夹并修改权限
hadoop fs -mkdir -p /tmp/hive
hadoop fs -chmod 777 /tmp/hive
hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive
hadoop fs -chmod 777 /user/hive
2.修改hadoop hadoop-env.sh配置文件
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$HADOOP_CLASSPATH:$CLASSPATH
3.将mysql jdbc jar包拷贝到lib目录下
cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.21.jar /opt/hive-1.2.1/lib
4.将lib目录下的jline-2.12.jar 拷贝到/opt/hadoop-2.5.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib下,并将相应包重属名
cp /opt/hive-1.2.1/lib/jline-2.12.jar /opt/hadoop-2.5.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib
mv /opt/hadoop-2.5.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.9.94.jar /opt/hadoop-2.5.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.9.94.jar.bak
9.使用验证
hive --service metastore & //开机首次执行
hive -e "show databases;" //运行完不报错即安装成功
也可以使用hive命令行进去执行
10.常用命令
1.显示
show tables;
show databases;
2.定义
//添加外部分区表 推荐以后就是用这种表
create external table access_info(ip string,access_date string,url string)
partitioned by(logdate string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
desc access_info;
3.添加数据
alter table access_info add partition(logdate='2016-01-15') location '/access'; --加载文件hdfs实际路径 access为文件夹名称
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/huangzhijian/access.txt' into table access_info_local_file; --加载本地文件
3.查询
select * from access_info;
4.删除
drop table access_info; //外部表不会删除原本数据 内部表就会删除原数据
//注意不能update
5.其他
1.hive –f test.sql
####test.sql####
select * from t1;
select count(*) from t1;
2.hive -e 'hql语句'
3.hive -S -e 'select * from t1'(用法与第一种方式的静音模式一样，不会显示mapreduce的操作过程)
4.hive -e 'select * from t1' > test.txt （将结果输出到本地文件中）
