Linux7.2 yum工具
可以发现安装某些包，需要另一些包的支持，遇到多重依赖关系包，安装比较麻烦。
[root@chy002 Packages]# rpm -ivh texlive-2012-32.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64.rpm 错误：依赖检测失败： texlive-scheme-basic 被 texlive-2:2012-32.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64 需要 texlive-collection-latexrecommended 被 texlive-2:2012-32.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64 需要 tex-kpathsea 被 texlive-2:2012-32.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64 需要 tex-tetex 被 texlive-2:2012-32.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64 需要yum工具可以自动解决依赖关系
[root@chy002 Packages]# yum install texlive ... ... 安装 1 软件包 (+246 依赖软件包) 总下载量：123 M 安装大小：237 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: ... ...
yum工具用法
#yum list 列出可用rpm包 [root@chy002 Packages]#yum list ... ... zziplib-devel.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base #yum list中仓库名的base是来自仓库配置文件中的 [base] [root@chy002 Packages]# ls /etc/yum yum/ yum.conf yum.log yum.repos.d/ [root@chy002 Packages]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo [root@chy002 Packages]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo # CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$rele ... ... #搜索包 yum search vim 不够精准，说明中带的vim也过滤出 [root@chy002 Packages]# yum search vim 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn ========================================= N/S matched: vim ========================================== protobuf-vim.x86_64 : Vim syntax highlighting for Google Protocol Buffers descriptions vim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window System vim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor vim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements vim-filesystem.x86_64 : VIM filesystem layout vim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor 名称和简介匹配 only，使用“search all”试试。 #较精准搜索 [root@chy002 Packages]# yum list |grep 'vim' vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-2.el7 @base vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-2.el7 @base vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-2.el7 @base vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 @anaconda protobuf-vim.x86_64 2.5.0-8.el7 base vim-X11.x86_64 2:7.4.160-2.el7 base vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.4.160-2.el7 base #安装包 yum install -y 包名 #列出可用安装组、套件 [root@chy002 Packages]# yum grouplist ... ... Available environment groups: 最小安装 ... ... 开发及生成工作站 可用组： 传统 UNIX 兼容性 ... ... 系统管理工具 完成 #安装组、套件 yum groupinstall -y #卸载 yum remove -y #更新 yum update -y #通过命令搜索包名 yum provides "/*/命令" [root@chy002 Packages]# yum provides "/*/pstree" 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64 : Utilities for managing processes on your system 源 ：base 匹配来源： 文件名 ：/usr/bin/pstree psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64 : Utilities for managing processes on your system 源 ：@base 匹配来源： 文件名 ：/usr/bin/pstree
yum搭建本地仓库
Linux系统不能联网就不能使用联网的yum源了，可以利用Linux系统光盘制作一个yum源。
#挂载光盘 mount /dev/cdrom /mnt #备份，删除/etc/yum.repos.d 目录所有的repo文件 cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* #创建新的dvd.repo文件 [root@chy002 yum.repos.d]# cat dvd.repo [dvd] name=install dvd baseurl=file:///mnt enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 #刷新repos生成缓存 yum makecache [root@chy002 yum.repos.d]# yum list ... ... zenity.x86_64 3.8.0-4.el7 dvd zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.7-13.el7 dvd zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-7.el7 dvd zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 dvd
yum更换国内源
备份仓库源配置文件。通过wget + 链接 或者 curl -O + 链接 下载yum源配置文件到该文件夹下，然后yum clean all清空缓存。
首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
下载对应版本repo文件, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/(操作前请做好相应备份)
http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
运行以下命令生成缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum下载rpm包
安装扩展源
有时候系统源没有该rpm包，需要安装扩展源epel
[root@chy002 etc]# cp -r yum.repo.d.bak/* yum.repos.d/ [root@chy002 etc]# ls yum.repos.d/ CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo [root@chy002 etc]# yum install -y epel-release 已加载插件：fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-9 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ============================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ============================================================================================== 正在安装: epel-release noarch 7-9 extras 14 k 事务概要 ============================================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 总下载量：14 k 安装大小：24 k Downloading packages: epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm | 14 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1 验证中 : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1 已安装: epel-release.noarch 0:7-9 完毕！ [root@chy002 etc]# cd yum.repos.d [root@chy002 yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel-testing.repo
yum下载rpm包到本地
#可以下载一个没有安装过的rpm包 yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径 [root@chy002 tmp]# yum install zvbi-devel.x86_64 -y --downloadonly 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net ... ... Background downloading packages, then exiting: 警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/zvbi-devel-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.2734.tmp: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 352c64e5: NOKEY ... ... #可以发现，该rpm包下载的地址 /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/ #如果下载已安装的rpm包 [root@chy002 tmp]# yum install vim-enhanced -y --downloadonly 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn 软件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本 无须任何处理 [root@chy002 tmp]# yum reinstall vim-enhanced -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ 已加载插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn ... ... Background downloading packages, then exiting: vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:03 exiting because "Download Only" specified [root@chy002 tmp]# ls 123 chyuanliu1 yum_save_tx.2017-11-14.04-12.cXiZgk.yumtx 123.txt passwd.txt yum_save_tx.2017-11-14.06-12.tVu9wM.yumtx 321.txt vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm yum_save_tx.2017-11-14.06-26.O985nb.yumtx
