【9.0】hql
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1、 hql hibernate query language hibernate的查询语言
2、 hql是完全面向对象的查询语言,可以理解继承,多态,关联等概念
3、 hql区分大小写。但是对应sql关键字(select,from where)不区分
4.Book类和Category类【如果使用注解】
package cn.siggy.pojo; import java.util.Date; import javax.persistence.CascadeType; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; import javax.persistence.Table; //entity表示需要持久化的实体类 @Entity //实体类 所对应的表 @Table public class Book { //id主键 @Id //指定 主键生成策略 @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) private int id; private String name; private double price; private String author; private Date pubDate; @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL) @JoinColumn(name="category_id") private Category category; /*get/set*/ }
package cn.siggy.pojo; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.OneToMany; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table public class Category { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) private int id; private String name; @OneToMany(mappedBy="category") private Set<Book> books = new HashSet<Book>(); /*get/set*/ }
5.hibernate.cfg.xml【使用注解时hibernate.cfg.xml中必须配置如下】
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!--数据库信息 --> <property name="connection.driver_class"> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate4</property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">root</property> <!--hibernate可选项 --> <property name="dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="format_sql">true</property> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- hbm文件 --> <mapping class="cn.siggy.pojo.Book" /> <mapping class="cn.siggy.pojo.Category" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
6.如果不使用注解【则必须配置*.hbm.xml映射文件】
Book.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="cn.siggy.pojo.Book" table="book" catalog="hibernate4"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="id" /> <generator class="identity" /> </id> <many-to-one name="category" class="cn.siggy.pojo.Category" fetch="select"> <column name="category_id" /> </many-to-one> <property name="author" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="author" /> </property> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="name" /> </property> <property name="price" type="java.lang.Double"> <column name="price" precision="22" scale="0" not-null="true" /> </property> <property name="pubDate" type="java.sql.Timestamp"> <column name="pubDate" length="19" /> </property> <!-- 使用过滤器 --> <filter name="bookFilter" condition="id=:id"></filter> </class> <!-- 命名查询 hql语句 名称不能重复,在整个项目中--> <query name="getByCategoryId"> <![CDATA[ from Book b where b.category.id=:id ]]> </query> <sql-query name="getAll"> <return alias="book" class="cn.siggy.pojo.Book"></return> <![CDATA[ select * from book b; ]]> </sql-query> <!-- 过滤器定义:定义参数 --> <filter-def name="bookFilter"> <filter-param name="id" type="integer"/> </filter-def> </hibernate-mapping>
Category.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="cn.siggy.pojo.Category" table="category" catalog="hibernate4"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="id" /> <generator class="identity" /> </id> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="name" /> </property> <set name="books" inverse="true"> <key> <column name="category_id" /> </key> <one-to-many class="cn.siggy.pojo.Book" /> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
7.测试代码
package cn.siggy.test; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.criterion.Example; import org.hibernate.criterion.MatchMode; import org.hibernate.criterion.Order; import org.hibernate.criterion.Projections; import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions; import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport; import org.junit.Test; import cn.siggy.pojo.Book; import cn.siggy.pojo.Category; import cn.siggy.util.HibernateUtil; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public class HibernateTest { @Test public void testCreateDB(){ //3.x //Configuration cfg = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure(); Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure(); SchemaExport se = new SchemaExport(cfg); se.create(true, true); } @Test public void testSave(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Category category = new Category(); category.setName("文学"); Category category1 = new Category(); category1.setName("历史"); Category category2 = new Category(); category2.setName("仙侠"); Category category3 = new Category(); category3.setName("科幻"); Category category4 = new Category(); category4.setName("恐怖"); Book book = new Book(); book.setName("丰乳肥臀"); book.setPrice(60.5); book.setAuthor("莫言"); book.setPubDate(new Date()); book.setCategory(category); Book book1 = new Book(); book1.setName("傲慢与偏见"); book1.setPrice(80); book1.setAuthor("简.奥斯汀"); book1.setPubDate(new Date()); book1.setCategory(category1); Book book2 = new Book(); book2.setName("中国历史"); book2.setPrice(30); book2.setAuthor("人民"); book2.setPubDate(new Date()); book2.setCategory(category1); Book book3 = new Book(); book3.setName("飘渺之旅"); book3.setPrice(70); book3.setAuthor("萧鼎"); book3.setPubDate(new Date()); book3.setCategory(category2); Book book4 = new Book(); book4.setName("蓝血人"); book4.setPrice(60); book4.setAuthor("卫斯里"); book4.setPubDate(new Date()); book4.setCategory(category3); Book book5 = new Book(); book5.setName("我的大学"); book5.setPrice(60.5); book5.setAuthor("高尔基"); book5.setPubDate(new Date()); book5.setCategory(category); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); session.save(book); session.save(book1); session.save(book2); session.save(book3); session.save(book4); session.save(book5); session.save(category4); tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } @Test public void testGet(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Book book = (Book)session.get(Book.class, 1); System.out.println(book.getName()+"---"+book.getCategory().getName()); tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //hql--hibernate query language hibernate查询语言 //查询单个属性 @Test public void testQuery1(){ //查询所有书名 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //Book 大写 表示的是 cn.siggy.pojo.Book类 //name表示的 Book类中的属性名 String hql="select name from Book"; Query query = session.createQuery(hql); //list()方法返回查询结果 //返回结果的类型 是根据查询的列决定的 List<String> list = query.list(); for(String bookname:list){ System.out.println(bookname); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //查询多个属性 @Test public void testQuery2(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //Book 大写 表示的是 cn.siggy.pojo.Book类 //name表示的 Book类中的属性名 //list()方法返回查询结果 //查询多个列时 返回结果是数组集合 数组中元素的类型 是由查询列来决定 List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery("select name,price from Book").list(); for(Object[] objs:list){ System.out.println(objs[0]+"--"+objs[1]); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //查询多个列时 将查询结果封装为对象集合 @Test public void testQuery3(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //Book 大写 表示的是 cn.siggy.pojo.Book类 //name表示的 Book类中的属性名 //list()方法返回查询结果 //查询多个列时 返回结果是数组集合 数组中元素的类型 是由查询列来决定 List<Book> list = session.createQuery("select new Book(name,price) from Book").list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //别名的使用 @Test public void testQuery4(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //Book 大写 表示的是 cn.siggy.pojo.Book类 //name表示的 Book类中的属性名 //list()方法返回查询结果 //查询多个列时 返回结果是数组集合 数组中元素的类型 是由查询列来决定 List<Book> list = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.name,b.price) from Book as b").list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //查询所有列 @Test public void testQuery5(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book").list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //查询所有列2 不能使用* 需要使用别名 @Test public void testQuery6(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list = session.createQuery("select b from Book b").list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //条件查询 占位符 从0开始 @Test public void testQuery7(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book b where id<?") .setInteger(0, 4) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //条件查询 占位符 从0开始 //setParameter不用理会参数类型 @Test public void testQuery8(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book b where id<?") .setParameter(0, 4) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //条件查询 命名查询--设置条件参数的名称 以冒号开头后更名称 设置参数时 只需指定名 @Test public void testQuery9(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book b where id<:id") .setParameter("id", 4) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //分页查询 @Test public void testQuery10(){ //查询所有书 的名称和价格 //创建Query对象 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book b") .setFirstResult(3)//开始显示的记录下标(currentPage-1)*pageSize .setMaxResults(3)//设置每页记录数pageSize .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //聚合函数--统计查询 //结果唯一 @Test public void testQuery11(){ //查询图书总数 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //int,long Number count = (Number)session.createQuery("select max(b.price) from Book b") .uniqueResult(); System.out.println("总数:"+count.byteValue()); tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //分组查询 @Test public void testQuery12(){ //查询图书总数 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //int,long List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery("select b.category.name,count(b.id) from Book b group by b.category.name") .list(); for(Object[] objs:list){ System.out.println(objs[0]+"--"+objs[1]); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //排序 @Test public void testQuery13(){ //查询图书总数 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //int,long List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book order by price desc") .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //对象导航--连接查询 @Test public void testQuery14(){ //查询 "仙侠"的书籍信息 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); String hql="from Book b where b.category.name=:name"; hql="select b from Book b join b.category c where c.name=:name"; hql="select b from Book b inner join b.category c where c.name=:name"; List<Book> list = session.createQuery(hql) .setString("name", "仙侠") .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //左外链接 @Test public void testQuery15(){ //查询 "仙侠"的书籍信息 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); String hql="select c.name,b.name from Category c left outer join c.books b"; List<Object[]> list = session.createQuery(hql) .list(); for(Object[] objs:list){ System.out.println(objs[0]+"----"+objs[1]); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //过滤器的使用--过滤查询---为查询加上某些条件 /* 1、定义过滤器 * 2、使用:加条件 * 3、在查询时候 使得过滤器生效 * */ @Test public void testQuery16(){ //查询 "仙侠"的书籍信息 Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //启用过滤器 session.enableFilter("bf").setParameter("id", 4); List<Book> list =session.createQuery("from Book").list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //命名查询NamedQuery @Test public void testQuery17(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list =session.getNamedQuery("getByCategoryId") .setInteger("id", 3) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //本地查询 SQL查询 @Test public void testQuery18(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); String sql="select Name,Price from BOOK"; List<Object[]> list =session.createSQLQuery(sql) .list(); for(Object[] b:list){ System.out.println(b[0]+"-"+b[1]); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //如果查询是所有列 @Test public void testQuery19(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); String sql="select * from BOOK"; List<Book> list =session.createSQLQuery(sql) .addEntity(Book.class) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } @Test public void testQuery20(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list =session.getNamedQuery("getAll") .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b+"-"+b.getCategory().getId()); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //对象查询 Critera查询 //查询对象集合 @Test public void testQuery21(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list =session.createCriteria(Book.class) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b+"-"+b.getCategory().getId()); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //条件 @Test public void testQuery22(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list =session.createCriteria(Book.class) .add(Restrictions.eq("id", 1)) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b+"-"+b.getCategory().getId()); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //in @Test public void testQuery23(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Integer> inl = new ArrayList<Integer>(); inl.add(1); inl.add(3); List<Book> list =session.createCriteria(Book.class) .add(Restrictions.in("id", inl)) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b+"-"+b.getCategory().getId()); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //like查询 @Test public void testQuery24(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list =session.createCriteria(Book.class) //.add(Restrictions.like("name", "中%")) //.add(Restrictions.like("name", "的", MatchMode.EXACT)) //ilike ignoreCase like忽略大小写 .add(Restrictions.ilike("name", "%的%")) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b+"-"+b.getCategory().getId()); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //or @Test public void testQuery25(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list =session.createCriteria(Book.class) //.add(Restrictions.like("name", "中%")) //.add(Restrictions.like("name", "的", MatchMode.EXACT)) //ilike ignoreCase like忽略大小写 .add(Restrictions.or(Restrictions.eq("id", 1) , Restrictions.lt("price", 60.0))) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b+"-"+b.getCategory().getId()); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //排序 @Test public void testQuery26(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list =session.createCriteria(Book.class) .addOrder(Order.asc("price")) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b+"-"+b.getCategory().getId()); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //投影--函数 @Test public void testQuery27(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Object count =session.createCriteria(Book.class) .setProjection(Projections.rowCount()) .uniqueResult(); System.out.println(count); tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } @Test public void testQuery28(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Object[]> objs =session.createCriteria(Book.class) .setProjection(Projections.projectionList() .add(Projections.max("price")) .add(Projections.avg("price")) ) .list(); for(Object[] obj:objs){ System.out.println(obj[0]+"---"+obj[1]); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //分组 @Test public void testQuery29(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Object[]> objs =session.createCriteria(Book.class,"b") .createCriteria("b.category", "c") .setProjection(Projections.projectionList() .add(Projections.rowCount()) .add(Projections.groupProperty("c.name")) ) .list(); for(Object[] obj:objs){ System.out.println(obj[0]+"---"+obj[1]); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } //example查询 @Test public void testQuery30(){ Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession(); Book book = new Book(); book.setName("傲慢与偏见"); book.setPrice(80); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); List<Book> list =session.createCriteria(Book.class) .add(Example.create(book)) .list(); for(Book b:list){ System.out.println(b+"-"+b.getCategory().getId()); } tx.commit(); HibernateUtil.closeSession(); } }