Anatomy解剖学

Explain the structure of human being in anatomy

In anatomy, the structure of a human being refers to the organization and arrangement of the body's tissues, organs, and systems. The human body is made up of several different systems, each of which is responsible for performing a specific function. Some of the major systems in the human body include

the respiratory system, which is responsible for breathing;呼吸系统

the circulatory system, which is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body; 血液循环系统

the digestive system, which is responsible for breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food;消化系统

and the nervous system, which is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.神经系统

 

Each of these systems is made up of a number of different organs, which are specialized structures that perform specific functions. For example, the respiratory system includes the lungs, which are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide; the circulatory system includes the heart, which is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body; and the digestive system includes the stomach and intestines, which are responsible for breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food.

The organs in the human body are made up of different types of tissues, which are groups of cells that perform similar functions. For example, the lungs are made up of respiratory tissue, which is responsible for exchanging gases; the heart is made up of cardiac muscle tissue, which is responsible for contracting and relaxing to pump blood; and the stomach and intestines are made up of epithelial tissue, which is responsible for absorbing nutrients from food.

Overall, the structure of the human body is a complex and highly organized system that is essential for maintaining health and life.

 

The construction of leg

The leg is the lower limb of the human body, extending from the hip臀部 to the foot. It is made up of a number of bones, muscles, tendons肌腱, and other tissues that work together to enable movement and support the body's weight.

The upper part of the leg is called the thigh大腿, and it contains the femur股骨, the largest bone in the body. The femur connects to the hip bone髋kuān骨 at the hip joint髋kuān关节, which allows the leg to move in a variety of directions. The knee joint膝关节 is located between the thigh and the lower leg小腿, and it is the largest and most complex joint in the body. It is made up of the femur股骨, the tibia胫骨, and the patella膝盖骨；髌骨, and it allows the leg to bend曲 and straighten直.

The lower part of the leg is called the leg, and it contains the tibia胫骨 and the fibula腓骨. The tibia is the larger of the two bones, and it bears most of the body's weight. The fibula is a smaller bone that runs parallel to the tibia and provides additional support. The ankle joint踝关节 is located between the leg and the foot, and it allows the foot to move up and down.

The muscles of the leg are divided into three main groups: the quadriceps四头肌, which are located on the front of the thigh and are responsible for extending the leg; the hamstrings腿筋, which are located on the back of the thigh and are responsible for flexing屈伸 the leg; and the calf muscles腓肠肌(小腿肌肉), which are located on the back of the lower leg and are responsible for plantar脚低的 flexion of the foot.

Together, the bones, muscles, and other tissues of the leg work together to support the body's weight, enable movement, and maintain balance.

 

 

 

What should I do when I feel  my ankle joint uncomfortable when running, but tolerable? Should I stick the same speed, and slow down?

If you feel discomfort in your ankle joint while running, it is important to listen to your body and take appropriate action to avoid injury. It is generally not a good idea to push through discomfort or pain, as this can lead to more serious injuries.

If the discomfort in your ankle joint is tolerable but persistent, it is a good idea to slow down and take a break to assess the situation. Try to find a comfortable position for your ankle, and gently stretch and massage the area to loosen any tight muscles or tendons. If the discomfort persists or becomes more severe, it may be a good idea to stop running altogether and consult a doctor or other medical professional for advice.

In general, it is important to listen to your body and avoid pushing through discomfort or pain while running. If you are unsure about how to proceed, it is always a good idea to consult a medical professional for advice.

 

The difference between calf muscles and gastrocnemius muscle

The calf muscles小腿肌肉 are a group of muscles located in the lower leg, just above the ankle. They are responsible for plantar flexion of the foot, which is the movement that occurs when you point your toes downward. The calf muscles are made up of three muscles: the gastrocnemius, the soleus, and the plantaris.

The gastrocnemius腓肠肌 muscle is the larger and more superficial of the calf muscles. It is the muscle that is visible when the leg is extended, and it is responsible for the distinctive shape of the calf. The gastrocnemius is a powerful muscle that is used in activities such as running and jumping.

The soleus muscle比目鱼肌 is located underneath the gastrocnemius腓肠肌, and it is smaller and flatter in shape. It is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle, and it also helps to stabilize the ankle joint. The soleus is used in activities such as walking and standing.

The plantaris muscle跖肌 is a small, thin muscle that is located between the gastrocnemius and the soleus. It is not as important as the other calf muscles, and it is often absent or underdeveloped in some individuals.

In summary, the calf muscles are a group of muscles in the lower leg that are responsible for plantar flexion of the foot. The gastrocnemius muscle is the larger and more visible of the calf muscles, and it is used in activities such as running and jumping. The soleus muscle is located underneath the gastrocnemius, and it is used in activities such as walking and standing. The plantaris muscle is a small, thin muscle that is located between the gastrocnemius and the soleus, and it is not as important as the other calf muscles.

 

 

 

作者:Chuck Lu    GitHub