Get top 1 row of each group

回答1

;WITH cte AS
(
   SELECT *,
         ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY DocumentID ORDER BY DateCreated DESC) AS rn
   FROM DocumentStatusLogs
)
SELECT *
FROM cte
WHERE rn = 1

If you expect 2 entries per day, then this will arbitrarily pick one. To get both entries for a day, use DENSE_RANK instead

As for normalised or not, it depends if you want to:

maintain status in 2 places
preserve status history
...

As it stands, you preserve status history. If you want latest status in the parent table too (which is denormalisation) you'd need a trigger to maintain "status" in the parent. or drop this status history table.

回答2

I just learned how to use cross apply. Here's how to use it in this scenario:

 select d.DocumentID, ds.Status, ds.DateCreated 
 from Documents as d 
 cross apply 
     (select top 1 Status, DateCreated
      from DocumentStatusLogs 
      where DocumentID = d.DocumentId
      order by DateCreated desc) as ds

I just posted the results of my timing tests against all of the proposed solutions and yours came out on top. Giving you an up vote :-)

– John Fairbanks

Mar 7, 2015 at 15:00

回答3

I know this is an old thread but the TOP 1 WITH TIES solutions is quite nice and might be helpful to some reading through the solutions.

select top 1 with ties
   DocumentID
  ,Status
  ,DateCreated
from DocumentStatusLogs
order by row_number() over (partition by DocumentID order by DateCreated desc)

The select top 1 with ties clause tells SQL Server that you want to return the first row per group. But how does SQL Server know how to group up the data? This is where the order by row_number() over (partition by DocumentID order by DateCreated desc comes in. The column/columns after partition by defines how SQL Server groups up the data. Within each group, the rows will be sorted based on the order by columns. Once sorted, the top row in each group will be returned in the query.

More about the TOP clause can be found here.