Mediator Pattern中介者模式

中介者模式

中介者模式（Mediator Pattern）是用来降低多个对象和类之间的通信复杂性。这种模式提供了一个中介类，该类通常处理不同类之间的通信，并支持松耦合，使代码易于维护。中介者模式属于行为型模式。

介绍

意图：用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互，中介者使各对象不需要显式地相互引用，从而使其耦合松散，而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互。

主要解决：对象与对象之间存在大量的关联关系，这样势必会导致系统的结构变得很复杂，同时若一个对象发生改变，我们也需要跟踪与之相关联的对象，同时做出相应的处理。

何时使用：多个类相互耦合，形成了网状结构。

如何解决：将上述网状结构分离为星型结构。

关键代码：对象 Colleague 之间的通信封装到一个类中单独处理。

应用实例： 1、中国加入 WTO 之前是各个国家相互贸易，结构复杂，现在是各个国家通过 WTO 来互相贸易。 2、机场调度系统。 3、MVC 框架，其中C（控制器）就是 M（模型）和 V（视图）的中介者。

优点： 1、降低了类的复杂度，将一对多转化成了一对一。 2、各个类之间的解耦。 3、符合迪米特原则。

缺点：中介者会庞大，变得复杂难以维护。

使用场景： 1、系统中对象之间存在比较复杂的引用关系，导致它们之间的依赖关系结构混乱而且难以复用该对象。 2、想通过一个中间类来封装多个类中的行为，而又不想生成太多的子类。

注意事项：不应当在职责混乱的时候使用。

 

Mediator Design Pattern

Rules of thumb  和其他几个设计模式的区别

• Chain of Responsibility, Command, Mediator, and Observer, address how you can decouple senders and receivers, but with different trade-offs. Chain of Responsibility passes a sender request along a chain of potential receivers. Command normally specifies a sender-receiver connection with a subclass. Mediator has senders and receivers reference each other indirectly. Observer defines a very decoupled interface that allows for multiple receivers to be configured at run-time.
• Mediator and Observer are competing patterns. The difference between them is that Observer distributes communication by introducing "observer" and "subject" objects, whereas a Mediator object encapsulates the communication between other objects. We've found it easier to make reusable Observers and Subjects than to make reusable Mediators.
• On the other hand, Mediator can leverage Observer for dynamically registering colleagues and communicating with them.
• Mediator is similar to Facade in that it abstracts functionality of existing classes. Mediator abstracts/centralizes arbitrary communication between colleague objects, it routinely "adds value", and it is known/referenced by the colleague objects (i.e. it defines a multidirectional protocol). In contrast, Facade defines a simpler interface to a subsystem, it doesn't add new functionality, and it is not known by the subsystem classes (i.e. it defines a unidirectional protocol where it makes requests of the subsystem classes but not vice versa).

 

Real-world code in C#

This real-world code demonstrates the Mediator pattern facilitating loosely coupled communication between different Participants registering with a Chatroom. The Chatroom is the central hub through which all communication takes place. At this point only one-to-one communication is implemented in the Chatroom, but would be trivial to change to one-to-many.