[转] linux学习第四十四篇:Nginx安装,Nginx默认虚拟主机,Nginx域名重定向
Nginx安装
- 进入存放源码包的目录: cd /usr/local/src
- 下载源码包: wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
- 解压: tar zxf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
- 安装Nginx:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
- 编译安装: make && make install
- 编辑Nginx启动脚本: vim /etc/init.d/nginx 、 复制如下内容
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
- 修改启动脚本的权限: chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
- 添加Nginx服务: chkconfig –add nginx
- 设置开机启动: chkconfig nginx on
- 配置Nginx的配置文件,因为Nginx下已经有nginx.conf这个配置文件,我们不用它,把它备份起来然后用自己的配置: cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
- 编辑配置文件: vim nginx.conf 写入如下内容
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; //定义Nginx最多可以打开多少个文件
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000; //进程最大有多少个连接
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server //每一个server对应一个虚拟主机
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ \.php$
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}
- 测试配置文件语法: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
- 开启Nginx: /etc/init.d/nginx start
- Nginx对应的是80端口: netstat -lntp |grep 80
- 测试Nginx解析php: vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php 加入如下内容:
<?php
echo "test php scripts.";
?>
- 用curl测试: curl localhost/1.php
Nginx默认虚拟主机
- 编辑配置文件: vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 增加:
include vhost/*.conf
- 创建vhost目录: mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
- 进入vhost目录下并创建编辑一个.conf文件: cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost vim aaa.com.conf 加入如下内容
server
{
listen 80 default_server; // 有这个标记的就是默认虚拟主机
server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
}
- 创建default目录: mkdir /data/wwwroot/default/
- 写一些内容在default目录下的index.html文件中: echo “This is a default site.”>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html
- 测试语法: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
- 重新加载配置文件,不需要重启服务: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
- curl测试: curl localhost curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com 就算访问的不是aaa.com,只要解析过来,指向到我们服务器,都能访问到这个站点,这就是默认虚拟主机。
Nginx用户认证
- 编辑一个配置文件: vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 写入如下内容:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
- 创建test.com目录: mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
- 在test.com目录下编辑index.html: echo “test.com”>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
- 如果之前没有安装过Apache的话就安装httpd,为了是可以使用Apache的htpasswd工具: * yum install -y httpd*
- Apache自带命令htpasswd创建密码文件,-c是创建,-m是指定md5加密类型,指定用户为xie(PS:如果再次新增用户,就不需要再加 -c ,因为已经创建过密码文件了): /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd xie
- 测试配置并重新加载: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
- curl测试: curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com 这里出现401,说明需要用户密码认证
当我们用-u加上用户名和密码时就可以访问了
- 针对目录的用户认证: 在location后面加上目录名字即可
用curl测试,访问网站时是正常的,只有访问admin目录下时就会出现401,需要用户认证
当我们指定用户密码后就可以正常访问了
- 针对文件的用户认证: 在location后面加上匹配文件名字,下图的意思就是匹配到admin.php这个文件就需要用户认证
curl测试,访问admin目录时是正常的,访问admin.php就需要用户认证了
Nginx域名重定向
- 更改test.com.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
//server_name后面支持写多个域名,这里要和httpd的做一个对比
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
//permanent为永久重定向,状态码为301,如果写redirect则为302
}
}
- 设置好后-t,-s测试加载配置文件
- curl测试: 访问test2.com后会跳转到test.com
扩展 nginx.conf 配置详解 http://www.ha97.com/5194.html http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880 nginx rewrite四种flag http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943