一个好友的国外VPS由于操作不当，结果装软件的时候总是提示dpkg: warning: files list file for package `*****' missing, assuming package has no files currently installed，导致无法安装任何软件，结果百度+Google了好多教程，最后找到的解决办法如下：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
# Clean out /var/cache/apt/archives
apt-get clean
# Fill it with all the .debs we need
apt-get --reinstall -dy install $(dpkg --get-selections | grep '[[:space:]]install' | cut -f1)
DIR=$(mktemp -d -t info-XXXXXX)
for deb in /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
do
# Move to working directory
cd "$DIR"
# Create DEBIAN directory
mkdir -p DEBIAN
# Extract control files
dpkg-deb -e "$deb"
# Extract file list, fixing up the leading ./ and turning / into /.
dpkg-deb -c "$deb" | awk '{print $NF}' | cut -c2- | sed -e 's/^\/$/\/./' > DEBIAN/list
# Figure out binary package name
DEB=$(basename "$deb" | cut -d_ -f1)
# Copy each control file into place
cd DEBIAN
for file in *
do
cp -a "$file" /var/lib/dpkg/info/"$DEB"."$file"
done
# Clean up
cd ..
rm -rf DEBIAN
done
rmdir "$DIR"
原理是重新下载所有安装过的软件包，然后从中提取文件列表信息复制到info文件夹里。
执行完毕后提示x11-common有空文件列表，(其它的是从别的ubuntu上拷贝了x11-common的文件)，我的解决办法是编辑/var/lib/dbkg/status文件,找到开头为 Package: x11-common的那一段，然后删除，再重新安装，代码如下
vi /var/lib/dbkg/status
删除x11-common那一段
apt-get --reinstall install x11-common
