python-----模塊(os、sys、hmac、hashlib、logging、configparser)


# os模块
# 提供对操作系统进行调用的接口
import os

# print(os.getcwd()) # 获取当前工作目录
# print(os.chdir(r'D:\PycharmProjects')) # change dir改变当前工作目录
#
# print(os.curdir) # .
# print(os.pardir) # ..
#
#
# os.getcwd() # 获取当前工作目录,即当前python脚本工作的目录路径
# os.chdir("dirname") # 改变当前脚本工作目录;相当于shellcd
# os.curdir # 返回当前目录: ('.')
# os.pardir # 获取当前目录的父目录字符串名:('..')
# os.makedirs('dirname1/dirname2') # 可生成多层递归目录
# os.removedirs('dirname1') # 若目录为空,则删除,并递归到上一级目录,如若也为空,则删除,依此类推
# os.mkdir('dirname') # 生成单级目录;相当于shellmkdir dirname
# os.rmdir('dirname') # 删除单级空目录,若目录不为空则无法删除,报错;相当于shellrmdir dirname
# os.listdir('dirname') # 列出指定目录下的所有文件和子目录,包括隐藏文件,并以列表方式打印
# os.remove() # 删除一个文件
# os.rename("oldname", "newname") # 重命名文件 / 目录
# os.stat('path/filename') # 获取文件 / 目录信息
# os.sep # 输出操作系统特定的路径分隔符,win下为 "\\", Linux下为 "/"
# os.linesep # 输出当前平台使用的行终止符,win下为"\r\n", Linux下为 "\n"
# os.pathsep # 输出用于分割文件路径的字符串
# os.name # 输出字符串指示当前使用平台。win->'nt'; Linux->'posix'
# os.system("bash command") # 运行shell命令,直接显示
# os.environ # 获取系统环境变量
# os.path.abspath(path) # 返回path规范化的绝对路径
# os.path.split(path) # path分割成目录和文件名二元组返回
# os.path.dirname(path) # 返回path的目录。其实就是os.path.split(path)的第一个元素
# os.path.basename(path) # 返回path最后的文件名。如何path以/或\结尾,那么就会返回空值。即os.path.split(path) 的第二个元素
# os.path.exists(path) # 如果path存在,返回True;如果path不存在,返回False
# os.path.isabs(path) # 如果path是绝对路径,返回True
# os.path.isfile(path) # 如果path是一个存在的文件,返回True。否则返回False
# os.path.isdir(path) # 如果path是一个存在的目录,则返回True。否则返回False
# os.path.join(path1[, path2[, ...]]) # 将多个路径组合后返回,第一个绝对路径之前的参数将被忽略
# os.path.getatime(path) # 返回path所指向的文件或者目录的最后存取时间
# os.path.getmtime(path) # 返回path所指向的文件或者目录的最后修改时间



# *****************************************************************
# sys模塊

# sys.argv 命令行参数List,第一个元素是程序本身路径
# sys.exit(n) 退出程序,正常退出时exit(0)
# sys.version 获取Python解释程序的版本信息
# sys.maxint 最大的Int
# sys.path 返回模块的搜索路径,初始化时使用PYTHONPATH环境变量的值
# sys.platform 返回操作系统平台名称
# sys.stdout.write('please:')
# val = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1]

# ************************************************************
#hashlib模塊: 用于加密相关的操作,3.x里代替了md5模块和sha模块,主要提供 SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512 MD5 算法

# import hashlib
#
# m = hashlib.md5()
# m.update(b"Hello")
# m.update(b"It's me")
# print(m.digest())
# m.update(b"It's been a long time since last time we ...")
#
# print(m.digest()) # 2进制格式hash
# print(len(m.hexdigest())) # 16进制格式hash
# '''
# def digest(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
# """ Return the digest value as a string of binary data. """
# pass
#
# def hexdigest(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
# """ Return the digest value as a string of hexadecimal digits. """
# pass
#
# '''
# import hashlib
#
# # ######## md5 ########
#
# hash = hashlib.md5()
# hash.update('admin'.encode('utf8'))
# print(hash.hexdigest())
#
# # ######## sha1 ########
#
# hash = hashlib.sha1()
# hash.update('admin'.encode('utf8'))
# print(hash.hexdigest())
#
# # ######## sha256 ########
#
# hash = hashlib.sha256()
# hash.update('admin'.encode('utf8'))
# print(hash.hexdigest())
#
# # ######## sha384 ########
#
# hash = hashlib.sha384()
# hash.update('admin'.encode('utf8'))
# print(hash.hexdigest())
#
# # ######## sha512 ########
#
# hash = hashlib.sha512()
# hash.update('admin'.encode('utf8'))
# print(hash.hexdigest())


# **********************************************************
# hmac 模块:它内部对我们创建 key 和 内容 再进行处理然后再加密

# import hmac
# h = hmac.new(b'天王盖地虎', b'宝塔镇河妖')
# print h.hexdigest()


# ***********************************************************

# logging模塊:很多程序都有记录日志的需求,并且日志中包含的信息即有正常的程序访问日志,还可能有错误、警告等信息输出,
# pythonlogging模块提供了标准的日志接口,你可以通过它存储各种格式的日志,logging的日志可以分为 debug(), info(), warning(), error() and critical() 5个级别,


# import logging
#
# logging.basicConfig(
# level = logging.DEBUG,
# format = '%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
# datefmt = '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
# filename ='test',
# filemode = 'a+')
#
# logging.debug('debug message')
# logging.info('info message')
# logging.warning("user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times")
# logging.critical("server is down")
# logging.error('error message')
#
# # 输出
# # WARNING: root:user[alex] attempted wrong more than 3 times
# # CRITICAL: root:server is down
# # ERROR:root:error message
#
#
# logger = logging.getLogger()
# # 創建一個handler,用於寫入日誌文件
# fh = logging.FileHandler('test.log')
#
# # 在創建一個handler,用於輸出到控制臺
# ch = logging.StreamHandler()
#
# formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
#
# fh.setFormatter(formatter)
# ch.setFormatter(formatter)
#
# logger.addHandler(fh)
# logger.addHandler(ch)
#
# logging.debug('debug message')
# logging.info('info message')
# logging.warning("user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times")
# logging.critical("server is down")
# logging.error('error message')


# *******************************************************

# configparser模塊:配置模塊


# import configparser
#
# config = configparser.ConfigParser()
# config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',
# 'Compression': 'yes',
# 'CompressionLevel': '9'}
#
# config['bitbucket.org'] = {}
# config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'
#
# config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}
# topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
# topsecret['Host Port'] = '50022' # mutates the parser
# topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' # same here
# config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'
#
# with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:
# config.write(configfile)

# ***************************************************
# config
# >>> import configparser
# >>> config = configparser.ConfigParser()
# >>> config.sections()
# []
# >>> config.read('example.ini')
# ['example.ini']
# >>> config.sections()
# ['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
# >>> 'bitbucket.org' in config
# True
# >>> 'bytebong.com' in config
# False
# >>> config['bitbucket.org']['User']
# 'hg'
# >>> config['DEFAULT']['Compression']
# 'yes'
# >>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
# >>> topsecret['ForwardX11']
# 'no'
# >>> topsecret['Port']
# '50022'
# >>> for key in config['bitbucket.org']: print(key)
# ...
# user
# compressionlevel
# serveraliveinterval
# compression
# forwardx11
# >>> config['bitbucket.org']['ForwardX11']
# 'yes'

#*******************************************
# configparser增删改查语法:删remove set覆盖 查has


[section1]
k1 = v1
k2: v2

[section2]
k1 = v1

import ConfigParser

config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
config.read('i.cfg')

# ########## ##########
# secs = config.sections()
# print secs
# options = config.options('group2')
# print options

# item_list = config.items('group2')
# print item_list

# val = config.get('group1','key')
# val = config.getint('group1','key')

# ########## 改写 ##########
# sec = config.remove_section('group1')
# config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

# sec = config.has_section('wupeiqi')
# sec = config.add_section('wupeiqi')
# config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))


# config.set('group2','k1',11111)
# config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

# config.remove_option('group2','age')
# config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

# *******************************************************
posted @ 2020-03-31 15:03  chiy  阅读(166)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报