Core Dump
[ 2010-01-06 13:38:30 | 作者: yuhen ]
在 Windows 下我们已经习惯了用 Windbg 之类的工具调试 dump 文件,从而分析并排除程序运行时错误。在 Linux 下我们同样可以完成类似的工作 —— Core Dump。
我们先看看相关的设置。
$ ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 20 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 16382 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) unlimited virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited
"core file size (blocks, -c) 0" 意味着在程序崩溃时不会生成 core dump 文件,我们需要修改一下设置。如果你和我一样懒得修改配置文件,那么就输入下面这样命令吧。
$ sudo sh -c "ulimit -c unlimited; ./test" # test 是可执行文件名。
等等…… 我们还是先准备个测试目标。
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void test() { char* s = "abc"; *s = 'x'; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { test(); return (EXIT_SUCCESS); }
很显然,我们在 test() 里面写了一个不该写的东东,这无疑会很严重。生成可执行文件后,执行上面的命令。
$ sudo sh -c "ulimit -c unlimited; ./test" Segmentation fault (core dumped)
$ ls -l total 96 -rw------- 1 root root 167936 2010-01-06 13:30 core -rwxr-xr-x 1 yuhen yuhen 9166 2010-01-06 13:16 test
这个 core 文件就是被系统 dump 出来的,我们分析目标就是它了。
$ sudo gdb test core GNU gdb (GDB) 7.0-ubuntu Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Reading symbols from .../dist/Debug/test...done. warning: Can't read pathname for load map: Input/output error. Reading symbols from /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0... ...done. (no debugging symbols found)...done. Loaded symbols for /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0 Reading symbols from /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6... ...done. (no debugging symbols found)...done. Loaded symbols for /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2... ...done. (no debugging symbols found)...done. Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2 Core was generated by `./test'. Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault. #0 0x080483f4 in test () at main.c:16 warning: Source file is more recent than executable. 16 *s = 'x';
最后这几行提示已经告诉我们错误的原因和代码位置,接下来如何调试就是 gdb 的技巧了,可以先输入 "where" 看看调用堆栈。
(gdb) where #0 0x080483f4 in test () at main.c:16 #1 0x08048401 in main (argc=1, argv=0xbfd53e44) at main.c:22
(gdb) p s $1 = 0x80484d0 "abc"
(gdb) info files Symbols from ".../dist/Debug/test". Local core dump file: Local exec file: `.../dist/Debug/test', file type elf32-i386. Entry point: 0x8048330 0x08048134 - 0x08048147 is .interp ... ... 0x08048330 - 0x080484ac is .text 0x080484ac - 0x080484c8 is .fini 0x080484c8 - 0x080484d4 is .rodata
很显然 "abc" 属于 .rodata,严禁调戏。
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附:如果你调试的是 Release (-O2) 版本,而且删除(strip)了符号表,那还是老老实实数汇编代码吧。可见用 Debug 版本试运行是很重要滴!!!