学习ASP.NET Core Blazor编程系列二十九——JWT登录（3）
十二、实现登入
在学习ASP.NET Core Blazor编程系列二十二——登录（1）至学习ASP.NET Core Blazor编程系列二十六——登录（5）
系列文章中学习了使用AuthenticationStateProvider实现模拟登录。今天的文章实现JWT登录，使用WebAPI接口来实现通过JWT令牌登录。
- 在Visual Studio 2022的解决方案资源管理器中，鼠标右键单击“BlazorAppDemo”项目名称，在弹出菜单中选择 “添加—>新建文件夹”，并将新建文件夹改为“Api”。如下图。
2.在Visual Studio 2022的解决方案资源管理器中，鼠标左键选中“Api”文件夹，右键单击，在弹出菜单中选择“添加—>新建项”，在弹出对话框中，选择“API控制器-空”，并将控制器命名为“AuthController”。如下图。并添加如下代码：
using BlazorAppDemo.Models;
using BlazorAppDemo.Utils;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
namespace BlazorAppDemo.Api
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class AuthController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly IJWTHelper jwtHelper;
public AuthController(IJWTHelper _IJWTHelper)
{
this.jwtHelper = _IJWTHelper;
}
[HttpPost("Login")]
public async Task<ActionResult<UserToken>> Login(UserInfo userInfo)
{
//Demo用，更好的做法是查询用户表来实现
if (userInfo.UserName == "admin" && userInfo.Password == "111111")
{
return BuildToken(userInfo);
}
else
{
UserToken userToken = new UserToken()
{
StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
IsSuccess = false
};
return userToken;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 建立Token
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userInfo"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private UserToken BuildToken(UserInfo userInfo)
{
string jwtToken = jwtHelper.CreateJwtToken<UserInfo>(userInfo);
//建立UserToken，回传客户端
UserToken userToken = new UserToken()
{
StatusCode = System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK,
Token = jwtToken,
ExpireTime = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30),
IsSuccess= true
};
return userToken;
}
}
}
3.在Visual Studio 2022的解决方案资源管理器中，鼠标左键选中“Models”文件夹，右键单击，在弹出菜单中选择“添加—>类”，在弹出对话框中，将类命名为“UserToken”。并添加如下代码：
using System.Net;
namespace BlazorAppDemo.Models
{
public class UserToken
{
public bool IsSuccess { get ; set; }
public HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; set; }
public string Token { get; set; }
public DateTime ExpireTime { get; set; }
}
}
4.在Visual Studio 2022的解决方案资源管理器中，鼠标左键选中“Utils”文件夹，右键单击，在弹出菜单中选择“添加—>类”，在弹出对话框中，将类命名为“TokenManager”。并添加如下代码：
using BlazorAppDemo.Models;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
namespace BlazorAppDemo.Utils
{
public class TokenManager
{
private const string TOKEN = "authToken";
private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, UserToken> tokenManager;
static TokenManager()
{
tokenManager=new ConcurrentDictionary<string, UserToken>();
}
public static ConcurrentDictionary<string, UserToken> Instance { get { return tokenManager; } }
public static string Token { get { return TOKEN; } }
}
}
5.在Visual Studio 2022的解决方案资源管理器中，鼠标左键选中“Auth”文件夹，右键单击，在弹出菜单中选择“添加—>新建项”，在弹出对话框中，选择“接口”，并将接口命名为“IAuthService”。如下图。并添加如下代码：
using BlazorAppDemo.Models;
namespace BlazorAppDemo.Auth
{
public interface IAuthService
{
Task<UserToken> LoginAsync(UserInfo userInfo);
Task<UserToken> LogoutAsync();
}
}
6.在Visual Studio 2022的解决方案资源管理器中，鼠标左键选中“Auth”文件夹，右键单击，在弹出菜单中选择“添加—>类”，在弹出对话框中，将类命名为“AuthService”。并添加如下代码：
using BlazorAppDemo.Models;
using BlazorAppDemo.Utils;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
namespace BlazorAppDemo.Auth
{
public class AuthService : IAuthService
{
private readonly HttpClient httpClient;
private readonly AuthenticationStateProvider authenticationStateProvider;
private readonly IConfiguration configuration;
private readonly Api.AuthController authController;
private readonly string currentUserUrl, loginUrl, logoutUrl;
public AuthService( HttpClient httpClient, AuthenticationStateProvider authenticationStateProvider, IConfiguration configuration,Api.AuthController authController)
{
this.authController = authController;
this.httpClient = httpClient;
this.authenticationStateProvider = authenticationStateProvider;
this.configuration = configuration;
currentUserUrl = configuration["AuthUrl:Current"] ?? "Auth/Current/";
loginUrl = configuration["AuthUrl:Login"] ?? "api/Auth/Login";
logoutUrl = configuration["AuthUrl:Logout"] ?? "/api/Auth/Logout/";
}
public async Task<UserToken> LoginAsync(UserInfo userInfo)
{
var result = authController.Login(userInfo);
var loginResponse = result.Result.Value;
if (loginResponse != null && loginResponse.IsSuccess)
{
TokenManager.Instance.TryAdd(TokenManager.Token, loginResponse);
((ImitateAuthStateProvider)authenticationStateProvider).NotifyUserAuthentication(loginResponse.Token);
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new System.Net.Http.Headers.AuthenticationHeaderValue("bearer", loginResponse.Token);
return loginResponse;
}
return new UserToken() { IsSuccess = false };
}
public Task<UserToken> LogoutAsync()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
}
LoginAsync登录方法的实现功能：
- 將账号与密码，发送到AuthController做验证，验证成功生成UserToken实例
- 将token写到TokenManger实例中
- 通知前面页面更新登录状态
- 每次request的header将bearer token都带上。
7. 在Visual Studio 2022的解决方案管理器中，使用鼠标左键，双击ImitateAuthStateProvider.cs文件，对代码进行修改。具体代码如下：
using BlazorAppDemo.Models;
using BlazorAppDemo.Utils;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Authorization;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Security.Claims;
namespace BlazorAppDemo.Auth
{
public class ImitateAuthStateProvider : AuthenticationStateProvider
{
private readonly IJWTHelper jwt;
private AuthenticationState anonymous;
private readonly HttpClient httpClient;
public ImitateAuthStateProvider(IJWTHelper _jwt, HttpClient httpClient)
{
anonymous = new AuthenticationState(new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity()));
jwt = _jwt;
this.httpClient = httpClient;
}
bool isLogin = false;
string token = string.Empty;
public override Task<AuthenticationState> GetAuthenticationStateAsync()
{
//确认是否已经登录
UserToken userToken;
TokenManager.Instance.TryGetValue(TokenManager.Token,out userToken);
string tokenInLocalStorage=string.Empty;
if (userToken != null)
{
tokenInLocalStorage = userToken.Token;
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(tokenInLocalStorage))
{
//沒有登录，则返回匿名登录者
return Task.FromResult(anonymous);
}
//將token取出转换为claim
var claims = jwt.ParseToken(tokenInLocalStorage);
//在每次request的header中都将加入bearer token
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new System.Net.Http.Headers.AuthenticationHeaderValue("bearer",
tokenInLocalStorage);
//回传带有user claim的AuthenticationState
return Task.FromResult(new AuthenticationState(new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "jwt"))));
}
public void Login(UserInfo request)
{
//1.验证用户账号密码是否正确
if (request == null)
{
isLogin=false;
}
if (request.UserName == "user" && request.Password == "111111")
{
isLogin = true;
token= jwt.CreateJwtToken<UserInfo>(request);
Console.WriteLine($"JWT Token={token}");
}
NotifyAuthenticationStateChanged(GetAuthenticationStateAsync());
}
public void NotifyUserAuthentication(string token)
{
var claims = jwt.ParseToken(token);
var authenticatedUser = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "jwt"));
var authState = Task.FromResult(new AuthenticationState(authenticatedUser));
NotifyAuthenticationStateChanged(authState);
}
}
}
8. 在Visual Studio 2022的解决方案管理器中，使用鼠标左键，双击Program.cs文件，将之在文本编辑器中打开，将我们写的AuthController和框架中的HttpClient，使用DI方式注入，添加Controller服务。具体代码如下：
using BlazorAppDemo.Data;
using BlazorAppDemo.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Authorization;
using BlazorAppDemo.Auth;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.Text;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using BlazorAppDemo.Utils;
using BlazorAppDemo.Api;
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// Add services to the container.
builder.Services.AddRazorPages();
builder.Services.AddServerSideBlazor();
builder.Services.AddSingleton<WeatherForecastService>();
IConfiguration config = ConfigHelper.Configuration;
System.Console.WriteLine(config["ConnectionStrings:BookContext"]);
builder.Services.AddDbContextFactory<BookContext>(opt =>
opt.UseSqlServer(ConfigHelper.Configuration["ConnectionStrings:BookContext"]));
builder.Services.AddScoped<ImitateAuthStateProvider>();
builder.Services.AddScoped<AuthenticationStateProvider>(implementationFactory =>
implementationFactory.GetRequiredService<ImitateAuthStateProvider>());
builder.Services.AddScoped<JwtSecurityTokenHandler>();
//此处的url地址改成自己实际的地址
builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:7110") });
builder.Services.AddScoped<IAuthService, AuthService>();
builder.Services.AddScoped<AuthController>();
//JWT
//JWT认证
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme).AddJwtBearer(options =>
{
//取出私钥
var secretByte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(builder.Configuration["Authentication:SecretKey"]);
options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters()
{
//验证发布者
ValidateIssuer = true,
ValidIssuer = builder.Configuration["Authentication:Issuer"],
//验证接收者
ValidateAudience = true,
ValidAudience = builder.Configuration["Authentication:Audience"],
//验证是否过期
ValidateLifetime = true,
//验证私钥
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(secretByte)
};
});
;
builder.Services.AddScoped<IJWTHelper,JWTHelper>();
var app = builder.Build();
// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
// The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
app.UseHsts();
}
using (var scope = app.Services.CreateScope())
{
var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
try
{
Console.WriteLine("数据库开始初始化。");
var context = services.GetRequiredService<BookContext>();
// requires using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
context.Database.Migrate();
// Requires using RazorPagesMovie.Models;
SeedData.Initialize(services);
Console.WriteLine("数据库初始化结束。");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
logger.LogError(ex, "数据库数据初始化错误.");
}
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.MapControllers();
app.MapBlazorHub();
app.MapFallbackToPage("/_Host");
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.Run();
9. 在Visual Studio 2022的菜单栏上，找到“调试-->开始调试”或是按F5键，Visual Studio 2022会生成BlazorAppDemo应用程序，并在浏览器使用Rest调试插件，对api/auth/login接口进行调试，只要登入成功就可以取得token。如下图。
10.我们在用户名输入框中输入用户名"admin"，在密码输入框中输入密码"111111"，点击“登录”按钮，进行登录。我们进入了系统。如下图。
