UWP/WinUI3 Win2d PixelShaderEffect 实现GradientMappingEffect (渐变映射滤镜)。

  在上一篇文章UWP/WinUI3 Win2d PixelShaderEffect 实现ColorPlacementEffect (颜色替换) 滤镜。 - 吃饭/睡觉 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)中实现了 ”颜色替换滤镜“,那么本文将制作一个“渐变映射滤镜”。

  效果图:

    

 

  一.渐变映射流程

    1.将像素转换成灰度(0~1);

    2.将转灰后的像素值 跟渐变图进行查找颜色;

    3.将查找后的颜色进行替换原有颜色

    流程图:

                  

 1 //定义输入源个数为2
 2 #define D2D_INPUT_COUNT 2
 3 //将第一张输入源设置为简单采样模式
 4 #define D2D_INPUT0_SIMPLE
 5 //将第二张输入源设置为复制采样模式
 6 #define D2D_INPUT1_COMPLEX
 7 //引入hlsl帮助程序库
 8 #include "d2d1effecthelpers.hlsli"
 9 
10 //定义一个将颜色转换成灰度的函数
11 float GetGray(float3 color)
12 {
13     return (color.r + color.g + color.b) / 3.0;
14 }
15 //程序入口
16 D2D_PS_ENTRY(main){
17     //获取当前像素颜色
18     float4 color = D2DGetInput(0);
19     //转换成灰度
20     float gray = GetGray(color.rgb);
21     //对渐变图(第二张输入位图)进行 百分比位置采样;
22     float3 targetColor = D2DSampleInput(1,float2(gray,0.5)).rgb;
23     return float4(targetColor,color.a);
24 }
GradientMappingEffect.hlsl

  二.hlsl 解析:

    1.在头部定义里,声明了改hlsl 需要两张位图输入源,并将第一张(源图)的采样模式设置为SIMPLE(简单),因为我们对第一张输入源只用到了 D2DGetInput(){获取当前像素的颜色}函数; 将第二章(渐变图)的采样模式设置为COMPLEX(复杂),因为需要用到 D2DSampleInput(n,uv){按位置百分比获取指定位置的像素}函数;

    2.在主程序函数里面,首先获取“源图”当前位置的像素,然后进行转成灰度,再根据灰度调用 D2DSampleInput 函数获取“渐变图”指定位置的像素颜色,然后返回颜色;

  三.编译

 

    1.如果不清楚怎么编译 hlsl供PixelShaderEffect使用的可以看这边文章:UWP/WinUI3 Win2d PixelShaderEffect 实现ThresholdEffect 滤镜。 - 吃饭/睡觉 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

  四.使用PixelShaderEffect 制作“渐变映射”效果:

    1.声明变量

 1 //渐变映射效果
 2         PixelShaderEffect effect;
 3         //源图
 4         CanvasBitmap bitmap;
 5         //渐变图
 6         CanvasRenderTarget gradientMap;
 7         //效果渲染图
 8         CanvasRenderTarget render;
 9         //渐变颜色列表
10         Color[] colorMap;
变量

    2.在画布创建资源事件,首先将编译好的hlsl二进制代码读入到内存并转换成字节数组用于初始化一个PixelShaderEffect 对象,并创建一个 宽高255*1 大小的幕后绘制画布用于绘制渐变图;

 1 canvas.CreateResources += async (s, e) =>
 2             {
 3                 //获取着色器二进制文件
 4                 StorageFile file = await StorageFile.GetFileFromApplicationUriAsync(new Uri("ms-appx:///Shaders/GradientMappingEffect.bin"));
 5                 IBuffer buffer = await FileIO.ReadBufferAsync(file);
 6                 //转换成字节数组
 7                 var bytes = buffer.ToArray();
 8                 //用 字节数组 初始化一个 PixelShaderEffect 对象;
 9                 effect = new PixelShaderEffect(bytes);
10                 //初始化渐变位图
11                 gradientMap = new CanvasRenderTarget(canvas, 255, 1, 96);
12                 colorMap = CreateGradientColors();
13                 CreateGradientRender(colorMap);
14             };
CreateResources

    3.在选中图片的事件上 初始化一个跟源图一样大小的 幕后绘制画布,用于存储绘制效果图像。这个幕后绘制画布是用于先将效果绘制到这个临时画布上,然后再将这个临时画布绘制到屏幕上。备注:这里应该会有读者会问,为什么不将 PixelShaderEffect 效果直接绘制到canvas 上呢,要做这多此一举的步骤呢?因为PixelShaderEffect 会将整个画布的每个像素都会调用 hlsl 里面的执行过程,会出现我们预料之外的效果。直接将 effect 绘制到canvas上如下图:

  

 1 //选择图片
 2             selectPicture.Click += async (s, e) =>
 3             {
 4                 var file = await Ulit.SelectFileAsync(new List<string> { ".png", ".jpg" });
 5                 if (file == null)
 6                 {
 7                     render = null;
 8                     bitmap = null;
 9                 }
10                 else
11                 {
12                     bitmap = await CanvasBitmap.LoadAsync(canvas.Device, await file.OpenAsync(FileAccessMode.Read));
13                     //创建一个与源图大小一样的幕后绘制画布;用于存放绘制效果;
14                     render = new CanvasRenderTarget(canvas, bitmap.Size);
15                 }
16                 canvas.Invalidate();
17             };
选择图片

  4.绘制图像到画布:在绘制图像我们只需要将 “源图”和“渐变图” 赋值到effect的Source1,Source2上,并且需要将 “渐变图”的 Source2Interpolation 的插值模式设置为 NearestNeighbor(邻近)值;

 1 canvas.Draw += (s, e) =>
 2             {
 3                 //绘制黑白网格
 4                 Win2dUlit.DrawGridGraphics(e.DrawingSession, 100);
 5                 //判断effect 和位图是否为空
 6                 if (effect == null || bitmap == null)
 7                     return;
 8                 var element = (FrameworkElement)s;
 9                 float effectWidth = (float)element.ActualWidth;
10                 float effectHeight = (float)element.ActualHeight * 0.6f;
11                 float previewWidth = effectWidth;
12                 float previewHeight = (float)element.ActualHeight * 0.3f;
13                 //设置两张位图源
14                 effect.Source1 = bitmap;
15                 effect.Source2 = gradientMap;
16                 //设置映射图采样为 邻近采样,(默认为线性采样,效果会表现出意料之外)
17                 effect.Source2Interpolation = CanvasImageInterpolation.NearestNeighbor;
18                //将效果绘制到render上
19                 using (var ds = render.CreateDrawingSession())
20                 {
21                     ds.Clear(Colors.Transparent);
22                     ds.DrawImage(effect);
23                 }
24                 ////绘制效果图到画布上
25                 var effectTran = Win2dUlit.CalcutateImageCenteredTransform(effectWidth, effectHeight, bitmap.Size.Width, bitmap.Size.Height);
26                 effectTran.Source = render;
27                 //直接将效果绘制到画布上,错误效果
28                 //var effectTran = Win2dUlit.CalcutateImageCenteredTransform(effectWidth, effectHeight, bitmap.Size.Width, bitmap.Size.Height);
29                 //effectTran.Source = effect;
30                 //e.DrawingSession.DrawImage(effectTran);
31 
32                 //绘制原图
33                 var previewTran = Win2dUlit.CalcutateImageCenteredTransform(previewWidth, previewHeight, bitmap.Size.Width, bitmap.Size.Height);
34                 previewTran.Source = bitmap;
35                 e.DrawingSession.DrawImage(previewTran, 0, effectHeight);
36                 //绘制渐变图
37                 var gradientTran = Win2dUlit.CalcutateImageCenteredTransform(effectWidth, element.ActualHeight * 0.1, gradientMap.Size.Width, gradientMap.Size.Height);
38                 gradientTran.Source = gradientMap;
39                 var rect = new Rect(0, previewHeight + effectHeight, effectWidth, element.ActualHeight * 0.1);
40                 e.DrawingSession.DrawImage(gradientMap, rect);
41             };
Draw

  五.全部代码

 1 <Grid>
 2         <Grid.RowDefinitions>
 3             <RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
 4             <RowDefinition Height="auto"></RowDefinition>
 5         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
 6         <canvas:CanvasControl x:Name="canvas"></canvas:CanvasControl>
 7         <StackPanel Grid.Row="1">
 8             <Button Content="选择图片" x:Name="selectPicture"></Button>
 9             <Button Content="创建渐变" x:Name="createGradient"></Button>
10         </StackPanel>
11     </Grid>
View Code
  1 public sealed partial class GradientMappingPage : Page
  2     {
  3         //渐变映射效果
  4         PixelShaderEffect effect;
  5         //源图
  6         CanvasBitmap bitmap;
  7         //渐变图
  8         CanvasRenderTarget gradientMap;
  9         //效果渲染图
 10         CanvasRenderTarget render;
 11         //渐变颜色列表
 12         Color[] colorMap;
 13         public GradientMappingPage()
 14         {
 15             this.InitializeComponent();
 16             Init();
 17         }
 18 
 19         void Init()
 20         {
 21             canvas.CreateResources += async (s, e) =>
 22             {
 23                 //获取着色器二进制文件
 24                 StorageFile file = await StorageFile.GetFileFromApplicationUriAsync(new Uri("ms-appx:///Shaders/GradientMappingEffect.bin"));
 25                 IBuffer buffer = await FileIO.ReadBufferAsync(file);
 26                 //转换成字节数组
 27                 var bytes = buffer.ToArray();
 28                 //用 字节数组 初始化一个 PixelShaderEffect 对象;
 29                 effect = new PixelShaderEffect(bytes);
 30                 //初始化渐变位图
 31                 gradientMap = new CanvasRenderTarget(canvas, 255, 1, 96);
 32                 colorMap = CreateGradientColors();
 33                 CreateGradientRender(colorMap);
 34             };
 35 
 36             //选择图片
 37             selectPicture.Click += async (s, e) =>
 38             {
 39                 var file = await Ulit.SelectFileAsync(new List<string> { ".png", ".jpg" });
 40                 if (file == null)
 41                 {
 42                     render = null;
 43                     bitmap = null;
 44                 }
 45                 else
 46                 {
 47                     bitmap = await CanvasBitmap.LoadAsync(canvas.Device, await file.OpenAsync(FileAccessMode.Read));
 48                     //创建一个与源图大小一样的幕后绘制画布;用于存放绘制效果;
 49                     render = new CanvasRenderTarget(canvas, bitmap.Size);
 50                 }
 51                 canvas.Invalidate();
 52             };
 53 
 54             canvas.Draw += (s, e) =>
 55             {
 56                 //绘制黑白网格
 57                 Win2dUlit.DrawGridGraphics(e.DrawingSession, 100);
 58                 //判断effect 和位图是否为空
 59                 if (effect == null || bitmap == null)
 60                     return;
 61                 var element = (FrameworkElement)s;
 62                 float effectWidth = (float)element.ActualWidth;
 63                 float effectHeight = (float)element.ActualHeight * 0.6f;
 64                 float previewWidth = effectWidth;
 65                 float previewHeight = (float)element.ActualHeight * 0.3f;
 66                 //设置两张位图源
 67                 effect.Source1 = bitmap;
 68                 effect.Source2 = gradientMap;
 69                 //设置映射图采样为 邻近采样,(默认为线性采样,效果会表现出意料之外)
 70                 effect.Source2Interpolation = CanvasImageInterpolation.NearestNeighbor;
 71                //将效果绘制到render上
 72                 using (var ds = render.CreateDrawingSession())
 73                 {
 74                     ds.Clear(Colors.Transparent);
 75                     ds.DrawImage(effect);
 76                 }
 77                 ////绘制效果图到画布上
 78                 var effectTran = Win2dUlit.CalcutateImageCenteredTransform(effectWidth, effectHeight, bitmap.Size.Width, bitmap.Size.Height);
 79                 effectTran.Source = render;
 80                 //直接将效果绘制到画布上,错误效果
 81                 //var effectTran = Win2dUlit.CalcutateImageCenteredTransform(effectWidth, effectHeight, bitmap.Size.Width, bitmap.Size.Height);
 82                 //effectTran.Source = effect;
 83                 //e.DrawingSession.DrawImage(effectTran);
 84 
 85                 //绘制原图
 86                 var previewTran = Win2dUlit.CalcutateImageCenteredTransform(previewWidth, previewHeight, bitmap.Size.Width, bitmap.Size.Height);
 87                 previewTran.Source = bitmap;
 88                 e.DrawingSession.DrawImage(previewTran, 0, effectHeight);
 89                 //绘制渐变图
 90                 var gradientTran = Win2dUlit.CalcutateImageCenteredTransform(effectWidth, element.ActualHeight * 0.1, gradientMap.Size.Width, gradientMap.Size.Height);
 91                 gradientTran.Source = gradientMap;
 92                 var rect = new Rect(0, previewHeight + effectHeight, effectWidth, element.ActualHeight * 0.1);
 93                 e.DrawingSession.DrawImage(gradientMap, rect);
 94             };
 95 
 96             createGradient.Click += (s, e) =>
 97             {
 98                 colorMap = CreateGradientColors();
 99                 CreateGradientRender(colorMap);
100                 canvas.Invalidate();
101             };
102 
103         }
104         /// <summary>
105         /// 创建渐变颜色数组
106         /// </summary>
107         /// <returns></returns>
108         Color[] CreateGradientColors()
109         {
110             var count = Random.Shared.Next(3, 10);
111             var colors = new Color[count];
112             for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
113             {
114                 var r = (byte)Random.Shared.Next(255);
115                 var g = (byte)Random.Shared.Next(255);
116                 var b = (byte)Random.Shared.Next(255);
117                 colors[i] = Color.FromArgb(255, r, g, b);
118             }
119             return colors;
120         }
121 
122         /// <summary>
123         /// 绘制渐变位图
124         /// </summary>
125         /// <param name="mapColors"></param>
126         void CreateGradientRender(Color[] mapColors)
127         {
128             using (var ds = gradientMap.CreateDrawingSession())
129             {
130                 var canvasGradienStop = new CanvasGradientStop[mapColors.Length];
131                 for (int i = 0; i < mapColors.Length; i++)
132                 {
133                     canvasGradienStop[i] = new CanvasGradientStop
134                     {
135                         Color = mapColors[i],
136                         Position = (float)i / (float)(mapColors.Length - 1)
137                     };
138                 }
139                 CanvasLinearGradientBrush linearBrush = new CanvasLinearGradientBrush(gradientMap.Device, canvasGradienStop)
140                 {
141                     StartPoint = new Vector2(0, 0),
142                     EndPoint = new Vector2(256, 0),
143                 };
144                 ds.FillRectangle(0, 0, 256, 1, linearBrush);
145             }
146         }
147     }
后台代码

 

posted @ 2022-09-23 16:48  吃饭/睡觉  阅读(156)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报