DRF自带的Request和Response对象(DRF基类APIView)
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1.Request对象
DRF传入视图的request对象,不再是Django默认的HttpRequest对象,而是扩展了HttpRequest类的Request类的对象。
REST framework 提供了Parser解析器,在接收到请求后会自动根据Content-Type指明的请求数据类型(如JSON、表单等)将请求数据进行parse解析,解析为字典对象保存到Request对象中。
Request对象的数据是自动根据前端发送数据的格式进行解析之后的结果。无论前端发送的哪种格式的数据,我们都可以以统一的方式读取数据。
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Request的常用属性
1) .data
- 包含了解析之后的文件和非文件数据
- 包含了对POST、PUT、PATCH请求方式解析后的数据
- 利用了REST framework的parsers解析器,不仅支持表单类型数据,也支持JSON数据
简单来说,无论前端发过来的是xml还是json,请求方式无论是POST还是PUT,都可以直接用request.data直接取一个字典出来。
示例:
# 要继承APIView(或其子类)才能取得DRF的Request和Response class DepartmentListAPIView(APIView): def post(self,request): """ :param request:这个request是DRF传入视图的request对象,不再是Django默认的HttpRequest对象。 :return: """ data = request.data print(type(data)) # 输出结果:<class 'dict'> name = data.get("name") age = data.get("age") print(name) print(age) return HttpResponse("for test")
2).query_params
与Django原来的HttpRequest的GET方法一样,只不过换了个名字...
示例:
class DepartmentListAPIView2(APIView): def get(self,request): a = request.query_params # 与HttpRequest对象的GET方法相同 print(a.get("id")) return HttpResponse("hello")
2.Response对象
REST framework提供了一个响应类Response
,使用该类构造响应对象时,响应的具体数据内容会被转换(render渲染)成符合前端需求的类型。
REST framework提供了Renderer 渲染器,用来根据请求头中的Accept(接收数据类型声明)来自动转换响应数据到对应格式。如果前端请求中未进行Accept声明,则会采用默认方式处理响应数据,我们可以通过配置来修改默认响应格式。
REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ( # 默认响应渲染类 'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', # json渲染器 'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', # 浏览API渲染器 ) }
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构造方式:
Response(data, status=None, headers=None)
示例:
class DepartmentListAPIView2(APIView): def get(self,request): data=[1,2,3] response = Response(data=data,status=status.HTTP_200_OK,headers={"aaa":"111","bbb":"222"}) # status可以直接写status=200 return response
状态码附录:
1)信息告知-1xx
HTTP_100_CONTINUE HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS
2)成功-2xx
HTTP_200_OK HTTP_201_CREATED HTTP_202_ACCEPTED HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS
3)重定向-3xx
HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY HTTP_302_FOUND HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED HTTP_305_USE_PROXY HTTP_306_RESERVED HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT
4)客户端错误
HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT HTTP_409_CONFLICT HTTP_410_GONE HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY HTTP_423_LOCKED HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS
5)服务器错误-5xx
HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED
代码成就万世基积沙镇海,梦想永在凌云意意气风发。