Linux 软中断
本文转载自: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-9620812-id-3833377.html,如有需要,请移步访问。
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一、软中断注册
和硬中断类似,软中断也有类似的中断向量表,只不过是用“软件”实现的。
struct softirq_action softirq_vec[32]是软中断向量表
(文件linux_2_6_24/kernel/softirq.c)
- struct softirq_action
- {
- void (*action)(struct softirq_action *); //钩子函数
- void *data; //钩子函数的形参
- };
内核用到的中断向量(其实就是数组下标)如下所示
(文件linux_2_6_24/include/linux/interrupt.h)
- enum{
- HI_SOFTIRQ=0, //高优先级的tasklet
- TIMER_SOFTIRQ, //内核定时器
- NET_TX_SOFTIRQ, //网络发送
- NET_RX_SOFTIRQ, //网络接收
- BLOCK_SOFTIRQ, //???
- TASKLET_SOFTIRQ, //普通的tasklet
- SCHED_SOFTIRQ
- }
内核注册一个软中断用函数,本质上就是就是初始化数组某一元素
- void open_softirq(int nr, void (*action)(struct softirq_action*), void *data)
- { //nr 即软中断向量编号
- softirq_vec[nr].data = data;
- softirq_vec[nr].action = action;
- }
内核注册软中断的地方有:
- start_kernel()
- -->init_timers()
- -->open_softirq(TIMER_SOFTIRQ,run_timer_softirq,NULL)
- -->softirq_init()
- -->open_softirq(TASKLET_SOFTIRQ, tasklet_action,NULL)
- -->open_softirq(HI_SOFTIRQ,tasklet_hi_action,NULL)
- -->do_initcall()
- -->net_dev_init()
- -->open_softirq(NET_TX_SOFTIRQ, net_tx_action, NULL);
- -->open_softirq(NET_RX_SOFTIRQ, net_rx_action, NULL);
- -->blk_dev_init()
- -->open_softirq(BLOCK_SOFTIRQ, blk_done_softirq,NULL)
二、软中断触发
前面注册完了,现在开始触发。
内核用一个数据结构来标记曾经有“软中断”发生过(或者说成软中断被触发过)
__softirq_pending 共32bit,即每个bit对应软中断的一个向量,实际使用了6个bit
第n个bit置1,即softirq_vec[n]有软中断发生。
- typedef struct {
- unsigned int __softirq_pending; /* set_bit is used on this */
- unsigned int __last_jiffy_stamp;
- } ____cacheline_aligned irq_cpustat_t;
- extern irq_cpustat_t irq_stat[]; /* defined in asm/hardirq.h */
- #define __IRQ_STAT(cpu, member) (irq_stat[cpu].member)
- #define local_softirq_pending() \
- __IRQ_STAT(smp_processor_id(), __softirq_pending)
- #define set_softirq_pending(x) (local_softirq_pending() = (x))
- #define or_softirq_pending(x) (local_softirq_pending() |= (x))
- #define __raise_softirq_irqoff(nr) do { or_softirq_pending(1UL << (nr)); } while (0)
常用的软中断触发函数
- void raise_softirq_irqoff(int nr){ //nr 即软中断向量编号
- __raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
- }
但这只是“触发”软中断,软中断并不会立即被处理
三、软中断处理
函数_ _do_softirq是一次性按照向量表从高到低循环处理所有软中断(潜台词,软中断不可嵌套)
_ _do_softirq()的调用时机:
1. irq_exit() 硬件中断处理完,返回时调用
- do_IRQ() -->irq_exit()
- -->local_softirq_pending()
- -->_ _do_softirq()
2. ksoftirqd() 用于辅助处理软中断的内核线程,每一个CPU上都运行着一个ksoftirqd。
- start_kernel() --> kernel_init() -->do_pre_smp_initcalls()
- -->spawn_ksoftirqd() -->cpu_callback()
- -->kthread_create(ksoftirqd, hcpu, "ksoftirqd/%d", hotcpu)
- -->ksoftirqd()
- -->local_softirq_pending()
- -->_ _do_softirq()
3. local_bh_enable()时,发现有待处理的软中断且当时没处在软硬中断上下文中
- local_bh_enable()
- -->local_softirq_pending()
- -->_ _do_softirq()
处理过程代码详解
- asmlinkage void __do_softirq(void)
- {
- struct softirq_action *h;
- __u32 pending;
- int max_restart = MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART;
- int cpu;
- pending = local_softirq_pending();
- account_system_vtime(current);
- /*软中断处理中,禁止软中断再次进入,软中断处理是不可重入的*/
- __local_bh_disable((unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0));
- trace_softirq_enter();
- cpu = smp_processor_id();
- restart:
- /* Reset the pending bitmask before enabling irqs
- 下面首先清除pending,以便系统可以激活其它软件中断,
- 然后使能外部中断
- 系统在下面的处理中,将使能外部中断以提高系统的响应,
- 注意,必须先清除pending,再使能外部中断,否则死锁*/
- set_softirq_pending(0);
- local_irq_enable();
- h = softirq_vec;
- /*下面按照从高到低调用open_softirq注册的句柄*/
- do {
- if (pending & 1) {
- h->action(h); //关键的一句,tasklet、内核timer、网络中断都是在这里搞的
- rcu_bh_qsctr_inc(cpu);
- }
- h++;
- pending >>= 1;
- } while (pending);
- local_irq_disable();
- pending = local_softirq_pending();
- if (pending && --max_restart)
- goto restart;
- if (pending)
- wakeup_softirqd();
- trace_softirq_exit();
- account_system_vtime(current);
- _local_bh_enable();
- }