docker-compose初试及命令基础
以一个简单的lnmp.yaml的配置文件进行讲解docker-compose命令的基础讲解，熟练掌握命令
[root@docker lnmp]# cat lnmp.yaml
version: '3'
services:
nginx:
image: nginx
ports:
- "80:80"
links:
- php:php
volumes:
- "/www:/usr/local/nginx/html"
php:
image: php
expose:
- "9000"
volumes:
- "/www:/usr/local/nginx/html"
db:
image: mysql
ports:
- "3306:3306"
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: redhat
MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
MYSQL_USER: wordpress
MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
上面配置文件的关于编写的参数暂时不进行讲解，这里只进行关于docker-compose的命令
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose --help Define and run multi-container applications with Docker. Usage: docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...] docker-compose -h|--help
看用法的定义就是利用docker定义和运行多个容器应用
Options: -f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml) -p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)
默认如果没有指定具体的compose配置文件，那么就docker-compose.yml，并且如果不指定项目名称，默认就是文件夹的name
up Create and start containers
现在利用command中的up进行创建并启动容器（多个容器，安装配置文件中，至于顺序现在不讲解）
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml up Creating lnmp_php_1 ... Creating lnmp_db_1 ... Creating lnmp_db_1 Creating lnmp_php_1 ... done Creating lnmp_nginx_1 ... Creating lnmp_db_1 ... done
后面的一大堆输出，这里不进行全部显示了，创建并启动好了容器后，如何查看运行的状态呢？
ps List containers
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------
为什么这里没有显示呢？因为配置文件名称不是docker-compose.yml，所以在执行一系列命令时需要加上-f lnmp.yaml
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps
Name Command State Ports
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
由于配置文件lnmp.yaml在当前目录，这里可以进行绝对路径：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml ps
Name Command State Ports
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
由上面可以看出将所有的容器都显示出来，如何指定显出某一个容器呢？
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose ps --help List containers. Usage: ps [options] [SERVICE...]
一般的command命令都可以带上SERVICE，这里的service是什么呢？就是配置文件中定义的services服务，配置文件中定义了三个：nginx、php、db（不能写错service名称）
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml ps nginx
Name Command State Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
name这一列代表的是容器名称，而不是service名称
[root@docker lnmp]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a5747e115947 nginx "/usr/local/nginx/..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp lnmp_nginx_1 508ac0a6890c php "/usr/local/php/sb..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 9000/tcp lnmp_php_1 aaa3cc6f1040 mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp lnmp_db_1
name的组成由project+service组成（后面的_1本人认为是构建的次数，第一次构建up就代表1吧）
If you change a service’s Dockerfile or the contents of its build directory, run docker-compose build to rebuild it.
docker-compose up --build或者docker-compose build
config：
config Validate and view the Compose file
利用config命令可以打印处配置文件的内容和service名称以及volumes信息
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config --services php nginx db
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config
services:
db:
environment:
MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: redhat
MYSQL_USER: wordpress
image: mysql
ports:
- 3306:3306/tcp
nginx:
image: nginx
links:
- php:php
ports:
- 80:80/tcp
volumes:
- /www:/usr/local/nginx/html:rw
php:
expose:
- '9000'
image: php
volumes:
- /www:/usr/local/nginx/html:rw
version: '3.0'
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config --volumes
down：停止并删除容器、网络、镜像、数据卷
down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml down Stopping lnmp_nginx_1 ... done Stopping lnmp_db_1 ... done Stopping lnmp_php_1 ... done Removing lnmp_nginx_1 ... done Removing lnmp_db_1 ... done Removing lnmp_php_1 ... done Removing network lnmp_default [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------ [root@docker lnmp]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
down也带有其他的参数：
Options:
--rmi type Remove images. Type must be one of:
'all': Remove all images used by any service.
'local': Remove only images that don't have a custom tag
set by the `image` field.
-v, --volumes Remove named volumes declared in the `volumes` section
of the Compose file and anonymous volumes
attached to containers.
--remove-orphans Remove containers for services not defined in the
Compose file
exec：在运行的容器中执行命令：
exec Execute a command in a running container
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml exec db env PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=aaa3cc6f1040 TERM=xterm MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpress MYSQL_USER=wordpress MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress GOSU_VERSION=1.7 MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7 MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.20-1debian8 HOME=/root
db是指定了在哪一个service中执行env命令
images：列出镜像
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml images Container Repository Tag Image Id Size ---------------------------------------------------------- lnmp_db_1 mysql latest 5709795eeffa 389 MB lnmp_nginx_1 nginx latest c3babfeba09b 551 MB lnmp_php_1 php latest 8902ce599658 1 GB
参数-q：列出镜像的id
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml images -q 5709795eeffac51eca46cf40ab36669aad27e8cb4b0e91876d5e9f7bafad6acb c3babfeba09bab70a8e3b7e8d734ee274af4a02ed8b9b4d286cd58caf64dbdc5 8902ce599658633ee95e270843b37daabe2e0dc298861ac8c25f5f7e11a7de1e
kill：杀死容器
kill Kill containers
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose kill --help
Force stop service containers.
Usage: kill [options] [SERVICE...]
Options:
-s SIGNAL SIGNAL to send to the container.
Default signal is SIGKILL.
可以看见后面也可以指定哪一个service
logs：将容器中的日志进行输出
logs View output from containers
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose logs --help
View output from containers.
Usage: logs [options] [SERVICE...]
Options:
--no-color Produce monochrome output.
-f, --follow Follow log output.
-t, --timestamps Show timestamps.
--tail="all" Number of lines to show from the end of the logs
for each container.
将db的日志输出最后的10行：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml logs -t --tail db ERROR: tail flag must be all or a number [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml logs -t --tail="10" db Attaching to lnmp_db_1 db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618652188Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618090Z 0 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618654153Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618104Z 0 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.621872173Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.620524Z 0 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.621897721Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.620616Z 0 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658532597Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658110Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660827605Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658335Z 0 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660852816Z Version: '5.7.20' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL) db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660857339Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658347Z 0 [Note] Executing 'SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;' to get a list of tables using the deprecated partition engine. You may use the startup option '--disable-partition-engine-check' to skip this check. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660861018Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658349Z 0 [Note] Beginning of list of non-natively partitioned tables db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.679766350Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.679398Z 0 [Note] End of list of non-natively partitioned tables
pause：暂停service：
pause Pause services
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose pause --help Pause services. Usage: pause [SERVICE...]
将db这个service进行暂停：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml pause db
Pausing lnmp_db_1 ... done
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps
Name Command State Ports
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Paused 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
unpause：将暂停的service进行恢复：
unpause Unpause services
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml unpause db
Unpausing lnmp_db_1 ... done
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps
Name Command State Ports
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
port：查看端口映射信息：
port Print the public port for a port binding
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose port --help
Print the public port for a port binding.
Usage: port [options] SERVICE PRIVATE_PORT
Options:
--protocol=proto tcp or udp [default: tcp]
--index=index index of the container if there are multiple
instances of a service [default: 1]
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml port db 3306 0.0.0.0:3306
restart：重启service：
restart Restart services
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose restart --help
Restart running containers.
Usage: restart [options] [SERVICE...]
Options:
-t, --timeout TIMEOUT Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.
(default: 10)
将nginx这个service进行重启：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml restart nginx
Restarting lnmp_nginx_1 ... done
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps
Name Command State Ports
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
rm：删除已经停止的服务容器，没有停止删除不了
rm Remove stopped containers
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose rm --help
Removes stopped service containers.
By default, anonymous volumes attached to containers will not be removed. You
can override this with `-v`. To list all volumes, use `docker volume ls`.
Any data which is not in a volume will be lost.
Usage: rm [options] [SERVICE...]
Options:
-f, --force Don't ask to confirm removal
-s, --stop Stop the containers, if required, before removing
-v Remove any anonymous volumes attached to containers
-a, --all Deprecated - no effect.
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml rm No stopped containers
如果加上-s/--stop那么就会先将服务进行停止，然后询问你是否删除：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml rm -s db Stopping lnmp_db_1 ... done Going to remove lnmp_db_1 Are you sure? [yN]
-f：代表在删除的过程中不会询问你是否删除，而是直接进行删除
run：运行一次性命令
run Run a one-off command
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose run --help
Run a one-off command on a service.
For example:
$ docker-compose run web python manage.py shell
scale：扩展容器，为service设置多个容器：
scale Set number of containers for a service
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose scale --help
Set number of containers to run for a service.
Numbers are specified in the form `service=num` as arguments.
For example:
$ docker-compose scale web=2 worker=3
This command is deprecated. Use the up command with the `--scale` flag
instead.
Usage: scale [options] [SERVICE=NUM...]
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml scale nginx=2 WARNING: The scale command is deprecated. Use the up command with the --scale flag instead.
而且在创建多个容器时需要考虑端口及ip的监听状况（占用的情况）
start Start services
stop Stop services
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml stop db Stopping lnmp_db_1 ... done [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml start db Starting db ... done
top：显示运行的进程
top Display the running processes
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml top lnmp_db_1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD -------------------------------------------------------------- systemd+ 38246 38223 7 23:27 ? 00:00:00 mysqld lnmp_nginx_1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- root 38367 38352 1 23:27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g daemon off; www 38421 38367 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process lnmp_php_1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- root 38208 38186 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf) www 38307 38208 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www www 38308 38208 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
指定某一个service：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml top nginx lnmp_nginx_1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- root 38367 38352 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g daemon off; www 38421 38367 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
version：显示docker-compose的版本信息：
version Show the Docker-Compose version information
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml version docker-compose version 1.17.0, build ac53b73 docker-py version: 2.5.1 CPython version: 2.7.13 OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1t 3 May 2016
docker-compose命令运行的级别在service层，而如果需要对容器进行修改等操作还是运行docker命令方便
