JS DOM、BOM事件常见面试题分析

从基础知识到JSWebAPI:

DOM操作

BOM操作

事件绑定

AJAX请求(包含http协议)

存储

 

DOM可以理解为:浏览器把拿到的html代码,结构化成一个浏览器能识别并且js可操作的一个模型

DOM节点操作:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1" class="div1">
        <p id="p1" data-name="p1-data-name">this is p1</p>
        <p id="p2">this is p2</p>
    </div>
    <div id="div2">
        <p id="p3">this is p3</p>
        <p id="p4">this is p4</p>
    </div>

    <script>
        //获取DOM节点
        var div1=document.getElementById('div1'); //单元素
        console.log(div1);//<div id="div1" class="div1">..</div>

        var divs=document.getElementsByTagName('div'); //集合
        console.log(divs);//HTMLCollection(2) [div#div1.div1, div#div2, div1: div#div1.div1, div2: div#div2]
        console.log(divs.length);//2
        console.log(divs[0]);//<div id="div1" class="div1">..</div>

        //property
        var ps=document.querySelectorAll('p'); //集合
        var p=ps[0];
        console.log(p.style.width);//获取样式
        p.style.width='300px';//设置样式
        console.log(p.style.width);//获取样式 300px
        console.log(p.className);
        p.className='p1';
        console.log(p.className);//p1

        //获取nodeName和nodeType
        console.log(p.nodeName);//P
        console.log(p.nodeType);//1

        //property
        var obj={x:10,y:20};
        console.log(obj.x);//10

        var p=document.getElementsByTagName('p')[0];
        console.log(p.tagName);//P

        //attribute
        console.log(p.getAttribute('data-name'));
        p.setAttribute('data-name','cyy');//p1-data-name
        console.log(p.getAttribute('style'));
        p.setAttribute('style','font-size:30px');//width: 300px;

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

DOM结构操作:

新增节点

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <p id="p1">this is p1</p>
        <p id="p2">this is p2</p>
    </div>
    <div id="div2">
        <p id="p3">this is p3</p>
        <p id="p4">this is p4</p>
    </div>

    <script>
        //新增节点
        var p=document.createElement('p');
        p.innerHTML='new p';
        var div1=document.getElementById('div1');
        div1.appendChild(p);

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

 

移动节点

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <p id="p1">this is p1</p>
        <p id="p2">this is p2</p>
    </div>
    <div id="div2">
        <p id="p3">this is p3</p>
        <p id="p4">this is p4</p>
    </div>

    <script>
        //移动节点
        var p4=document.getElementById('p4');
        var div1=document.getElementById('div1');
        div1.appendChild(p4);
        console.log(p4.parentNode);//<div id="div1">..</div>

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

 

获取子元素节点、获取父元素节点、删除节点

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <p id="p1">this is p1</p>
        <p id="p2">this is p2</p>
    </div>
    <div id="div2">
        <p id="p3">this is p3</p>
        <p id="p4">this is p4</p>
    </div>

    <script>
        //移动节点
        var p4=document.getElementById('p4');
        var div1=document.getElementById('div1');
        //获取父元素
        console.log(p4.parentNode);//<div id="div1">..</div>
        //获取子元素
        console.log(div1.childNodes);//NodeList(5) [text, p#p1, text, p#p2, text]
        console.log(div1.childNodes[0].nodeType);//text  3
        console.log(div1.childNodes[1].nodeType);//p  1
        console.log(div1.childNodes[0].nodeName);//#text
        console.log(div1.childNodes[1].nodeName);//P
        //获取非空白文本的子元素
        for(var i=0;i<div1.childNodes.length;i++){
            if(div1.childNodes[i].nodeType!==3){
                console.log(div1.childNodes[i]);
            }
        }

        //删除节点
        var childNodes=div1.childNodes;
        div1.removeChild(childNodes[1]);

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

 

DOM是哪种基本的数据结构? 树

 

DOM操作的常用API有哪些?

获取DOM节点、以及节点的property和attribute

获取父节点、获取子节点

新增节点、删除节点

 

DOM操作的property和attribute有哪些区别?

property是js对象的属性的修改

attribute是html标签的属性的修改

 

BOM操作:

如何检测浏览器的类型

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <script>
        var ua=navigator.userAgent;
        console.log(ua);//Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.157 Safari/537.36
        var isChrome=ua.indexOf('Chrome');
        console.log(isChrome>0?'isChrome':'isNotChrome');

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

 

url拆解:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <script>
        console.log(location.protocol);//协议
        console.log(location.host);//
        console.log(location.pathname);//文件名
        console.log(location.search);//参数(?后面的)
        console.log(location.hash);//锚(#后面的)
        console.log(location.href);//完整的url

        //改变链接地址
        //location.href="http://www.baidu.com";

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

 

事件:

封装一个通用的事件绑定函数

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <a id="p1">激活</a>
        <a id="p2">取消</a>
    </div>
    <div id="div2">
        <a id="p3">取消</a>
        <a id="p4">取消</a>
    </div>

    <script>
        function bind(ele,type,fn){
            ele.addEventListener(type,fn);
        }

        var p3=document.getElementById('p3');
        bind(p3,'click',function(e){
            e.preventDefault();
            console.log(p3.innerHTML);
        })

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

事件冒泡:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <a id="p1">激活</a>
        <a id="p2">取消</a>
    </div>
    <div id="div2">
        <a id="p3">取消</a>
        <a id="p4">取消</a>
    </div>

    <script>
        function bind(ele,type,fn){
            ele.addEventListener(type,fn);
        }

        var p1=document.getElementById('p1');
        var body=document.body;
        bind(p1,'click',function(e){
            e.stopPropagation();//阻止事件冒泡
            console.log('激活');
        });
        bind(body,'click',function(e){
            e.stopPropagation();
            console.log('取消');
        });

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

事件代理:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <a href="#">链接</a>
        <a href="#">链接</a>
        <a href="#">链接</a>
        <a href="#">链接</a>
        <p id="p1">激活</p>
        <p id="p2">取消</p>
    </div>
    <div id="div2">
        <p id="p3">取消</p>
        <p id="p4">取消</p>
    </div>

    <script>
        function bind(ele,type,fn){
            ele.addEventListener(type,fn);
        }

        var div1=document.getElementById('div1');
        bind(div1,'click',function(e){
            e.preventDefault();
            console.log(e.target);
            if(e.target.nodeName==='A'){
                console.log('clicked');
            }            
        });

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

完善通用的事件绑定函数:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,min-width=1.0,max-width=1.0,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <a href="#">链接</a>
        <a href="#">链接</a>
        <a href="#">链接</a>
        <a href="#">链接</a>
        <p id="p1">激活</p>
        <p id="p2">取消</p>
    </div>
    <div id="div2">
        <p id="p3">取消</p>
        <p id="p4">取消</p>
    </div>

    <script>
        function bind(ele,type,selector,fn){
            if(fn==null){
                fn=selector;
                selector=null;
            }
            ele.addEventListener(type,function(e){
                if(selector){
                    //代理
                    //如果元素被指定的选择器字符串选择,Element.matches() 方法返回true; 否则返回false。
                    if(e.target.matches(selector)){
                        fn.call(e.target,e);
                    }
                }else{
                    fn(e);
                }
            })
        }

        var div1=document.getElementById('div1');
        var p1=document.getElementById('p1');
        bind(div1,'click','a',function(e){
            console.log(this.innerHTML);        
        });
        bind(p1,'click',function(e){
            console.log(p1.innerHTML);        
        });

    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

Ajax-XMLHttpRequst:

手动编写一个ajax,不依赖第三方库

 

 

跨域的几种实现方式:

JSONP

服务器端设置http header

 

IE兼容性问题:不用深究,会简单处理即可

 

readyState

 

 status

 

 

Ajax-跨域和问题解答:

什么是跨域?

浏览器有同源策略,不允许ajax访问其他域的接口

跨域条件:协议、域名、端口,有一个不同,就属于跨域

 

可以跨域的三个标签:

允许跨域加载资源(但如果对方做了防盗链处理就不行了)

img 用于打点统计,统计网站可能是其他域

link script 可以使用CDN,CDN也是其他域

script 可以用于JSONP

 

跨域的注意事项:

所有的跨域请求都必须经过信息提供方允许

 

JSONP实现原理:

 

 

服务器端设置http header

跨域的另一个解决方案

 

posted @ 2020-04-20 22:56  陈莺莺呀  阅读(1575)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报